{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:25:53Z","timestamp":1787927153290,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening subtype of stroke characterized by the acute accumulation of blood within the brain parenchyma and progressive secondary brain injury. After ICH, dysregulated neuroinflammation drives a cascade of secondary injury processes that shape neurological deterioration and long-term recovery. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine the magnitude, temporal evolution, and resolution of immune-inflammatory responses after ICH remain incompletely understood, limiting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. Accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetic regulation constitutes a critical layer controlling neuroinflammatory programs after ICH. Hematoma-derived stimuli, including hemoglobin degradation products, iron overload, oxidative stress, and damage-associated molecular patterns, create a unique inflammatory microenvironment that reshapes gene-regulatory landscapes in resident and infiltrating cells. DNA methylation remodeling, histone modification dynamics, chromatin accessibility alterations, and non-coding RNA regulatory networks collectively orchestrate cell-type\u2013specific transcriptional reprogramming in microglia, astrocytes, endothelial cells, neurons, and infiltrating leukocytes. Rather than serving as passive consequences of tissue injury, these epigenetic processes actively modulate innate immune activation, cytokine production, leukocyte recruitment, blood\u2013brain barrier integrity, and the balance between neurotoxic and reparative inflammatory states. In this review, we synthesize current evidence on the immuno-epigenetic regulation of neuroinflammation after ICH, with emphasis on cell-specific mechanisms, temporal dynamics, and immune\u2013vascular interactions. We discuss how epigenetic reprogramming contributes to inflammatory amplification, glial phenotypic transitions, endothelial dysfunction, and the potential persistence of maladaptive inflammatory memory. Finally, we highlight emerging precision strategies, including locus-specific epigenome editing and RNA-based therapeutics, that may enable targeted modulation of neuroinflammation after ICH. An immuno-epigenetic perspective may provide a conceptual framework for developing precision neurotherapeutics for ICH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1895546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:37:07Z","timestamp":1787924227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hematoma-driven immuno-epigenetic remodeling after intracerebral hemorrhage: cell-type-specific mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangtian","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(09)70340-0","article-title":"Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"van Asch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.01.013","article-title":"Intracerebral hemorrhage outcome: a comprehensive update","volume":"398","author":"Pinho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.11.003","article-title":"Inflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: from mechanisms to clinical translation","volume":"115","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(19)30078-x","article-title":"Global brain inflammation in stroke","volume":"18","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14853","article-title":"Immune-mediated disruption of the blood-brain barrier after intracerebral hemorrhage: insights and potential therapeutic targets","volume":"30","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x221145089","article-title":"CNS-peripheral immune interactions in hemorrhagic stroke","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03101-y","article-title":"Targeting brain-peripheral immune responses for secondary brain injury after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke","volume":"21","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03483-7","article-title":"Pro-repair macrophages driven by CGRP rescue white matter integrity following intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112815","article-title":"Dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility within one month of mouse intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"28","author":"Xiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.112","article-title":"DNA methylation and its basic function","volume":"38","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1210597","article-title":"Tet proteins can convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine","volume":"333","author":"Ito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.09.013","article-title":"TET2 regulates the neuroinflammatory response in microglia","volume":"29","author":"Carrillo-Jimenez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-06-1609","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of tumor endothelial cell anergy: silencing of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 by histone modifications","volume":"66","author":"Hellebrekers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176179","article-title":"Epigenetic mechanisms underlying adult post stroke neurogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0382-4","article-title":"A short guide to histone deacetylases including recent progress on class II enzymes","volume":"52","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11010089","article-title":"Pathogenesis of ischemic stroke: role of epigenetic mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Stanzione","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2025.111415","article-title":"TBX21 knockdown attenuates neuroinflammation induced by intracerebral hemorrhage via the SIRT1-WDR5-H3K4me3 axis","volume":"229","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.111744","article-title":"Inhibiting H3K18 lactylation in microglia aggravates white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice","volume":"235","author":"Jiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02856-0","article-title":"Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and astrocytes","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.300","article-title":"The emerging role of epigenetics in stroke: II. RNA regulatory circuitry","volume":"67","author":"Qureshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.945860","article-title":"MicroRNAs modulate neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage: prospects for new therapy","volume":"13","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2011.03514.x","article-title":"miR-155 modulates microglia-mediated immune response by down-regulating SOCS-1 and promoting cytokine and nitric oxide production","volume":"135","author":"Cardoso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.12.003","article-title":"MiR-124 contributes to M2 polarization of microglia and confers brain inflammatory protection via the C\/EBP-\u03b1 pathway in intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"182","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2266","article-title":"MicroRNA-124 promotes microglia quiescence and suppresses EAE by deactivating macrophages via the C\/EBP-\u03b1-PU.1 pathway","volume":"17","author":"Ponomarev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00315-9","article-title":"Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions","volume":"22","author":"Statello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50894","article-title":"Altered long noncoding RNA profile after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1166875","article-title":"mRNA and lncRNA co-expression network in mice of acute intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat0473","article-title":"Glia as architects of central nervous system formation and function","volume":"362","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00390-x","article-title":"Function and therapeutic value of astrocytes in neurological diseases","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3898","article-title":"Astrocyte barriers to neurotoxic inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Sofroniew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.11.004","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of astrocyte function in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"1864","author":"Neal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta, Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1999-0","article-title":"MAFG-driven astrocytes promote CNS inflammation","volume":"578","author":"Wheeler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07187-5","article-title":"Disease-associated astrocyte epigenetic memory promotes CNS pathology","volume":"627","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-01980-7","article-title":"The contribution of astrocytes to the neuroinflammatory response in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"137","author":"Brambilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2010","article-title":"Physiology of microglia","volume":"91","author":"Kettenmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x21666221129121715","article-title":"Bidirectional communication between microglia and astrocytes in neuroinflammation","volume":"21","author":"Bhusal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029","article-title":"Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia","volume":"541","author":"Liddelow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.020","article-title":"Microglia states and nomenclature: a field at its crossroads","volume":"110","author":"Paolicelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.697416","article-title":"Epigenetic regulations of microglia\/macrophage polarization in ischemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00243","article-title":"Epigenetics control microglia plasticity","volume":"12","author":"Cheray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1678-1","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of gene expression by histone lactylation","volume":"574","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07874-9","article-title":"H3K14 lactylation exacerbates neuronal ferroptosis by inhibiting calcium efflux following intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9912686","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9912686","article-title":"Epigenetic modulation of microglia function and phenotypes in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"2021","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg615","article-title":"Critical loss of CBP\/p300 histone acetylase activity by caspase-6 during neurodegeneration","volume":"22","author":"Rouaux","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.45.1","article-title":"Epigenetic modification of histone acetylation in the sensorimotor cortex after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"45","author":"Nishio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Res"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12122\/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.07.13","article-title":"[Suppression of HMGB1 inhibits neuronal autophagy and apoptosis to improve neurological deficits in rats following intracerebral hemorrhage]","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.699736","article-title":"Profiling of blood-brain barrier disruption in mouse intracerebral hemorrhage models: collagenase injection vs. autologous arterial whole blood infusion","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2025.111434","article-title":"METTL3-YTHDF1 axis drives BCL-3 m6A methylation to promote the ferroptosis of brain microvascular endothelial cells during intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"229","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00866","article-title":"MicroRNA-126-3p attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced blood-brain barrier disruption by regulating VCAM-1 expression","volume":"13","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.10.064","article-title":"MicroRNA-126-3p attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption, cerebral edema and neuronal injury following intracerebral hemorrhage by regulating PIK3R2 and Akt","volume":"494","author":"Xi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.001858","article-title":"miR-27a-3p protects against blood-brain barrier disruption and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by targeting endothelial aquaporin-11","volume":"293","author":"Xi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118942","article-title":"LncRNA Blnc1 mediates the permeability and inflammatory response of cerebral hemorrhage by regulating the PPAR-\u03b3\/SIRT6\/FoxO3 pathway","volume":"267","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-018-0636-9","article-title":"Prolonged Blood-Brain Barrier Injury Occurs After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Is Not Acutely Associated with Additional Bleeding","volume":"10","author":"Nadeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116929","article-title":"LncRNA Snhg3 contributes to dysfunction of cerebral microvascular cells in intracerebral hemorrhage rats by activating the TWEAK\/Fn14\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"237","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hest.2025.02.001","article-title":"Immune cells in intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"6","author":"Taskin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Hemorrhages"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-019-0315-0","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of macrophages: from homeostasis maintenance to host defense","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.312115","article-title":"Somatic Mutations and Clonal Hematopoiesis: Unexpected Potential New Drivers of Age-Related Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"122","author":"Fuster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000688","article-title":"Clonal hematopoiesis driven by DNMT3A and TET2 mutations: role in monocyte and macrophage biology and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"29","author":"Cobo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.037388","article-title":"Clonal Hematopoiesis Is Associated With Higher Risk of Stroke","volume":"53","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-00672","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of the inflammatory response in stroke","volume":"20","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00125","article-title":"MicroRNAs in Microglia: How do MicroRNAs Affect Activation, Inflammation, Polarization of Microglia and Mediate the Interaction Between Microglia and Glioma?","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.847246","article-title":"Oxidative Stress Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010090","article-title":"Ferroptosis and Iron Metabolism after Intracerebral Hemorrhage","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.379019","article-title":"Mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage: a new target for therapeutic intervention","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004158","article-title":"TET family dioxygenases and the TET activator vitamin C in immune responses and cancer","volume":"136","author":"Yue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04396-x","article-title":"Mechanisms that regulate the activities of TET proteins","volume":"79","author":"Joshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2014.00359","article-title":"Ascorbate as a co-factor for fe- and 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases: physiological activity in tumor growth and progression","volume":"4","author":"Kuiper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00370-8","article-title":"ROS attenuates TET2-dependent ZO-1 epigenetic expression in cerebral vascular endothelial cells","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S97456","article-title":"Effects of intracerebral hemorrhage on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine modification in mouse brains","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.702244","article-title":"Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Pattern in Whole Blood Associated With Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.03.004","article-title":"Influence of metabolism on epigenetics and disease","volume":"153","author":"Kaelin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04335-w","article-title":"Nicotinamide riboside restores nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and alleviates brain injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"62","author":"She","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.05.029","article-title":"Interplay between Metabolism and Epigenetics: A Nuclear Adaptation to Environmental Changes","volume":"62","author":"Etchegaray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03268-3","article-title":"Activated Microglia Exosomes Mediated miR-383-3p Promotes Neuronal Necroptosis Through Inhibiting ATF4 Expression in Intracerebral Hemorrhage","volume":"46","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.280155.124","article-title":"Epigenetic drift score captures directional methylation variability and links aging to transcriptional, metabolic, and genetic alterations","volume":"35","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00171","article-title":"DNA Methylation Biomarkers in Aging and Age-Related Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Salameh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1112","article-title":"Efficient targeted DNA methylation with chimeric dCas9-Dnmt3a-Dnmt3L methyltransferase","volume":"45","author":"Stepper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3199","article-title":"Epigenome editing by a CRISPR-Cas9-based acetyltransferase activates genes from promoters and enhancers","volume":"33","author":"Hilton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1895546\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:37:09Z","timestamp":1787924229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1895546\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1895546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1895546","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"article-number":"1895546"}}