{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:21:25Z","timestamp":1787721685769,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegeneration disease characterized by dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss, with chronic neuroinflammation. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is clinically effective for the relief of parkinsonism motor symptoms. Here, we used a homemade device to investigate the effect of STN-DBS on neuroprotection and chronic neuroinflammation in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rat model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats received 6-OHDA injections into the striatum, followed by ipsilateral STN electrode implantation and high-frequency stimulation. Motor function was assessed by open-field and apomorphine-induced rotation tests. DA neuron survival, glial phenotype changes, and nuclear factor (NF)-\u03baB pathway activity in the nigrostriatal system were evaluated using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and RT-qPCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>STN-DBS improved motor deficits and decreased the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons. It promoted astrocytes presented a neuroprotective phenotype and increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and microglia mainly presented an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype instead of a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. These effects may be associated with I\u03baB-\u03b1 stabilization, the suppression of NF-\u03baB hyperactivation, and the consequent reduction in the release of downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings highlight that our homemade device for STN-DBS is capable of inhibiting NF-\u03baB, modulating glial phenotypes, mitigating neuroinflammation, and ultimately ameliorating parkinsonism deficits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1896631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:43:22Z","timestamp":1787719402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["STN-DBS exerts neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects in a Parkinson\u2019s disease rat model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qidan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, 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