{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:16:42Z","timestamp":1788419802828,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Macrophage-dependent immune remodeling and altered lipid metabolism are closely related to liver cancer behavior. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the survival relevance of macrophage-associated lipid metabolism genes (MLMGs) remains insufficiently characterized. This work evaluated MLMG-related molecular features connected with HCC progression and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public HCC transcriptomic and single-cell cohorts were analyzed. Macrophage-related differential genes (MRDGs) extracted from GSE149614 were combined with TCGA-HCC differentially expressed genes1 (DEGs1) and lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs). Shared candidates were screened through univariate Cox analysis and machine-learning procedures to obtain prognostic MLMGs and build a risk-score model. Immune profiling, enrichment analysis, cell-cell communication inference, pseudo-time reconstruction, and RT-qPCR validation were then performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FABP5 and ECHS1 constituted the final two-gene prognostic signature. Risk categories were accompanied by altered immune components, including activated B cells, and pathways such as \u201cfatty acid omega hydroxylase activity\u201d. The high-risk group suggested potentially stronger immune escape-related features and higher checkpoint expression. Communication analysis suggested stronger interactions between CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, whereas pseudotime analysis showed that MLMG expression may be associated with changes in CD8+ T-cell states. RT-qPCR preliminarily validated increased FABP5 expression and decreased ECHS1 expression in patients with HCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FABP5 and ECHS1 were selected as prognostic MLMGs in HCC. This two-gene model may provide clues for survival assessment and subsequent mechanism-oriented research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1898124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:44:25Z","timestamp":1788417865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Macrophage-linked lipid metabolic signatures for HCC prognosis identified through integrated bulk and single-cell transcriptomics"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manman","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huapeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i8.1243","article-title":"Predictors of early and late hepatocellular carcinoma 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