{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T05:46:06Z","timestamp":1785735966460,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013066","name":"Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25A320072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25A320072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017700","name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["262102311098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262102311098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the long-term results of the watch-and-wait (W&amp;amp;W) strategy in patients with clinical stage II\/III mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC) who received neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 monotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective study enrolled stage II\/III dMMR\/MSI-H CRC patients from four Chinese tertiary hospitals between August 1, 2020 and February 28, 2025. All participants received neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 monotherapy followed by W&amp;amp;W approach.\n                      <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      , endoscopic complete response (eCR) was defined as no suspicious mucosal lesion on white-light or chromoendoscopy (flat scar or normal mucosa allowed) and negative targeted biopsies from the primary tumor site. The primary outcomes were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The\u00a0study\u00a0is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (\n                      <jats:ext-link>www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ChiCTR2500100474).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 49 patients managed with W&amp;amp;W strategy were enrolled, and all met the\n                      <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      eCR criteria. Radiological evaluation showed clinical complete response in 21 patients (44%), partial response in 17 (35%) and stable disease in 10 (21%). One patient lacked evaluable imaging. Median neoadjuvant treatment duration was 6 months (IQR 4-8), with a median of 12 treatment cycles (IQR 8-16). Treatment-related adverse events were grade 1\u20132 in 14 patients (29%); no grade 3\u20134 events occurred. At a median follow-up of 35 months (range 9-60), no local regrowth, distant metastasis, or death was recorded. The estimated 3-year DFS and OS are both 100%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cohort, patients with dMMR\/MSI-H CRC who met eCR after neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 monotherapy had excellent long-term outcomes when managed with W&amp;amp;W strategy. These findings support the potential utility of endoscopic assessment for selecting candidates for organ preservation, but prospective validation of standardized criteria is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1899625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T05:31:05Z","timestamp":1785735065000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 monotherapy followed by watch-and-wait strategy in dMMR\/MSI-H colorectal cancer: a multicenter real-world study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tengyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, 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