{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:50:07Z","timestamp":1792810207625,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in innate immune responses through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Activation of TLRs leads to the induction of inflammatory cytokines via myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)- and TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-\u03b2 (TRIF)-dependent signaling pathways. Aquamin, a multi-mineral supplement derived from the marine red algae\n                    <jats:italic>Lithothamnion<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp., is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we demonstrate that Aquamin dose-dependently suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I:C) production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin (IL)-6] and chemokines in both human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (mBMDMs), without causing cytotoxicity. The findings are consistent with Aquamin modulation of TRIF-associated signaling downstream of TLR3 and TLR4. These data provide a rationale for further investigations of Aquamin as a potential therapeutic intervention for inflammatory diseases associated with dysregulated TLR signaling.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1901355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:36:11Z","timestamp":1785821771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aquamin, a marine derived multi-mineral, attenuates toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Lioudakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin","place":["Dublin, Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakshi","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin","place":["Dublin, Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise M.","family":"O\u2019Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marigot Research Centre, Sycamore Court, Tralee, Co.","place":["Kerry, Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marigot Research Centre, Sycamore Court, Tralee, Co.","place":["Kerry, Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Lucitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin","place":["Dublin, 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