{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:04:48Z","timestamp":1789538688037,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Calcinosis is a disabling and difficult-to-treat complication of adult dermatomyositis (DM), juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), and systemic sclerosis (SSc), for which no standardized therapy is currently available. Growing evidence implicating JAK\/STAT signaling in dermatomyositis has prompted interest in Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) as a therapeutic option. We describe a 52-year-old woman with long-standing juvenile-onset dermatomyositis and extensive, treatment-refractory calcinosis who received off-label baricitinib after multiple previous therapies. After one month, the patient reported improved general well-being and no new skin ulcerations. During the four-month treatment course, pre-existing microcytic anemia worsened and required blood transfusion, prompting discontinuation of baricitinib because a treatment-related contribution could not be excluded. This case provides a hypothesis-generating observation of possible early symptomatic benefit during JAK inhibition while highlighting the uncertainty regarding efficacy and safety. Prospective studies using standardized clinical, functional, imaging, and safety outcomes are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1903238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:31:55Z","timestamp":1789536715000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tissue calcinosis in dermatomyositis - potential role of combination therapy with JAK inhibitors. Case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Paulina","family":"Janiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u017baneta","family":"Smole\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wardowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Chmielewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.07.006","article-title":"Treatment of calcinosis cutis in systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis: a review of the literature","volume":"82","author":"Traineau","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/23971983211053245","article-title":"Subcutaneous calcinosis: is it different between systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis","volume":"7","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Scleroderma 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