{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T06:08:08Z","timestamp":1788761288885,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sepsis is a life-threatening condition with high mortality and complex pathology. Early diagnosis is critical but remains challenging due to a lack of effective biomarkers. This study aims to identify specific diagnostic markers to distinguish sepsis from non-sepsis, and to develop a robust diagnostic model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PBMC transcriptome data from our cohort (24 healthy controls, 29 common infections, 51 sepsis patients) were analyzed to identify genes with expression levels increasing or decreasing with infection severity. Low-expression genes were excluded, and candidate markers were evaluated using multiple GEO datasets. Top-performing genes were selected to build a LASSO regression-based diagnostic model. Model performance was assessed by AUC, BSS, ROC and calibration curves, nomogram, DCA, and CIC curves. Functional analyses (GO, KEGG, immune infiltration, GSEA, PPI network) were performed to explore underlying immune mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 114 genes showing expression changes with infection severity were identified. Four genes\u2014MMP8, DDX24, RNASE2, and EMB\u2014were selected based on diagnostic performance. The resulting model performed well in both our cohort and public datasets (AUC: 0.811\u20131; BSS: -0.464 \u2013 0.964). In the GSE69686 dataset, the model also showed predictive value for neonatal and pediatric sepsis (AUC: 0.666\u20130.852; BSS: -1.34 \u2013 -0.293). Immune infiltration and GSEA revealed enrichment of these genes in neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells, reflecting key immune features of sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The four identified genes\u2014MMP8, DDX24, RNASE2, and EMB\u2014collectively form a diagnostic model that effectively distinguishes sepsis patients from those with non-sepsis individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1911134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T05:32:59Z","timestamp":1788759179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of MMP8, DDX24, RNASE2, and EMB as a novel diagnostic gene panel for sepsis: a transcriptome-based modeling study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxue","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lietao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000007075","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2026","volume":"54","author":"Prescott","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0781oc","article-title":"Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. 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