{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:49:36Z","timestamp":1788918576138,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Carbohydrates, far beyond their nutritional role, are fundamental biomolecules that encode biological information and mediate critical cellular interactions. In pathogenic fungi, cell wall (CW) glycans serve as both a protective armor and a dynamic interface with the host, directly influencing virulence and immune evasion. This review discusses the intricate architecture and composition of the CW in the four WHO-critical priority fungal pathogens:\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Candidozyma auris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We detail how distinct carbohydrate polymers, including \u03b1- and \u03b2-glucans, and various mannans, are organized into layered structures that confer mechanical stability, modulate physicochemical properties, and display pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The analysis highlights species-specific adaptations: the conidial \u201cinvisibility cloak\u201d and galactosaminogalactan layer of\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; the polymorphic mannoprotein outer layer of\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; the unique polysaccharide capsule anchored to the CW in\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; and the distinct mannan side chains conferring clade-specific traits in\n                    <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Given its essentiality and absence in host cells, the fungal CW presents an ideal target for therapeutic intervention. A deep understanding of the biochemical properties and structural complexity of fungal carbohydrates provides critical insights into novel targets for therapeutic intervention, thereby contributing to the rational design of next-generation antifungals and also aiding the development of new therapies through artificial intelligence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1912476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T14:36:24Z","timestamp":1786372584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The structural language of fungal cell wall sugars in WHO priority fungi: the determinant of pathogenicity and the gateway to new therapies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Trentin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo","place":["Ribeirao Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Martins-Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s","place":["Goi\u00e2nia, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Pelleschi","family":"Taborda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathogenic Dimorphic Fungi, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Centre for Medical Mycology in Latin America (CMM LATAM) Unit","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo","place":["Ribeirao Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Centre for Medical Mycology in Latin America (CMM LATAM) Unit","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1039\/np9971400099","article-title":"The role of carbohydrates in biologically active natural products","volume":"14","author":"Weymouth-Wilson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Prod Rep"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689709000508","article-title":"Glycobiology and medicine: an introduction","volume":"90","author":"Axford","year":"1997","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1021\/cr940283b","article-title":"Glycobiology:\u2009 toward understanding the function of sugars","volume":"96","author":"Dwek","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1279808","article-title":"Stability and properties of double and triple helices: dramatic effects of RNA or DNA backbone composition","volume":"258","author":"Roberts","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/3.2.97","article-title":"Biological roles of oligosaccharides: all of the theories are correct","volume":"3","author":"Varki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/314053a0","article-title":"Demonstration by monoclonal antibodies that carbohydrate structures of glycoproteins and glycolipids are onco-developmental antigens","volume":"314","author":"Feizi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0959-440x(96)80036-4","article-title":"Carbohydrate recognition systems: functional triads in cell\u2014cell interactions","volume":"6","author":"Crocker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Essentials of Glycobiology [Internet]","author":"Varki","year":"2022"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.77.070606.100917","article-title":"Chemical approaches to glycobiology","volume":"79","author":"Kiessling","year":""},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-77791-3_1","article-title":"The world of carbohydrates","volume-title":"The Art of Carbohydrate Analysis","author":"Gerwig","year":"2021"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00673","article-title":"The complexity of fungal \u03b2-glucan in health and disease: effects on the mononuclear phagocyte system","volume":"9","author":"Camilli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2019.109487","article-title":"Extracellular matrix-cell interactions: focus on therapeutic applications","volume":"66","author":"Sainio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Signalling"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199602000-00001","article-title":"Adhesion molecules-their role in health and disease","volume":"39","author":"Etzioni","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-440x(93)90053-n","article-title":"Oligosaccharides that mediate mammalian cell-cell adhesion","volume":"3","author":"Feizi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00505.x","article-title":"Immune recognition of fungal \u03b2-glucans","volume":"7","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.m115.048272","article-title":"Unravelling glucan recognition systems by glycome microarrays using the designer approach and mass spectrometry","volume":"14","author":"Palma","year":""},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05872.x","article-title":"The cell wall: a carbohydrate armour for the fungal cell","volume":"66","author":"Latg\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02993","article-title":"The fungal cell wall: candida, cryptococcus, and aspergillus species","volume":"10","author":"Garcia-Rubio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01062-w","article-title":"The pathobiology of human fungal infections","volume":"22","author":"Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B20","unstructured":"WHO Fungal Priority Pathogens List to Guide Research, Development and Public Health Action\n          \n          \n          \n          2022"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150065","article-title":"Understanding human vulnerability to climate change: a global perspective on index validation for adaptation planning","volume":"803","author":"Birkmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-5247(24)00039-9","article-title":"Impact of climate change and natural disasters on fungal infections","volume":"5","author":"Seidel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.05238-11","article-title":"Posttranslational modifications of proteins in the pathobiology of medically relevant fungi","volume":"11","author":"Leach","year":""},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/654251","article-title":"Protein glycosylation in Aspergillus fumigatus is essential for cell wall synthesis and serves as a promising model of multicellular eukaryotic development","volume":"2012","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1001.030119","article-title":"Fungal biofilms and drug resistance","volume":"10","author":"Jabra-Rizk","year":""},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11030236","article-title":"The hidden fortress: a comprehensive review of fungal biofilms with emphasis on Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"11","author":"Pruitt","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02593-24","article-title":"Profilin Pfy1 is critical for cell wall integrity and virulence in Candida albicans","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ffunb.2023.1183291","article-title":"Cell wall composition in Cryptococcus neoformans is media dependent and alters host response, inducing protective immunity","volume":"4","author":"Upadhya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Fungal Biol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00796-9","article-title":"Architecture of the dynamic fungal cell wall","volume":"21","author":"Gow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819583.ch12","article-title":"The fungal cell wall: structure, biosynthesis, and function","volume":"5","author":"Gow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.0816","article-title":"Limitations imposed by wearing armour on Medieval soldiers' locomotor performance","volume":"279","author":"Askew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01474.x","article-title":"Tasting the fungal cell wall","volume":"12","author":"Latg\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.01.007","article-title":"Dynamic fungal cell wall architecture in stress adaptation and immune evasion","volume":"26","author":"Hopke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2012.04.005","article-title":"Importance of the Candida albicans cell wall during commensalism and infection","volume":"15","author":"Gow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00984-20","article-title":"Epitope shaving promotes fungal immune evasion","volume":"11","author":"Childers","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04926","article-title":"Card9 controls a non-TLR signalling pathway for innate anti-fungal immunity","volume":"442","author":"Gross","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1460","article-title":"Syk- and CARD9-dependent coupling of innate immunity to the induction of T helper cells that produce interleukin 17","volume":"8","author":"LeibundGut-Landmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2222","article-title":"Dectin-1 is an extracellular pathogen sensor for the induction and processing of IL-1\u03b2 via a noncanonical caspase-8 inflammasome","volume":"13","author":"Gringhuis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.05.001","article-title":"Dectin-2 recognition of \u03b1-mannans and induction of Th17 cell differentiation is essential for host defense against Candida albicans","volume":"32","author":"Saijo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2015.21","article-title":"Interactions of fungal pathogens with phagocytes","volume":"14","author":"Erwig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3897","article-title":"Immune defence against Candida fungal infections","volume":"15","author":"Netea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.13.84","article-title":"Elucidating the immunological function of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule","volume":"8","author":"Vecchiarelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127797","article-title":"Uniqueness of Candida auris cell wall in morphogenesis, virulence, resistance, and immune evasion","volume":"286","author":"Dakalbab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0780-3","article-title":"Transcriptional and functional insights into the host immune response against the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris","volume":"5","author":"Bruno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00406-21","article-title":"Candida auris cell wall mannosylation contributes to neutrophil evasion through pathways divergent from Candida albicans and Candida glabrata","volume":"6","author":"Horton","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003575","article-title":"Aspergillus galactosaminogalactan mediates adherence to host constituents and conceals hyphal \u03b2-glucan from the immune system","volume":"9","author":"Gravelat","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00659.x","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps capture and kill Candida albicans yeast and hyphal forms","volume":"8","author":"Urban","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.08.002","article-title":"A biphasic innate immune MAPK response discriminates between the yeast and hyphal forms of Candida albicans in epithelial cells","volume":"8","author":"Moyes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117676109","article-title":"EGFR and HER2 receptor kinase signaling mediate epithelial cell invasion by Candida albicans during oropharyngeal infection","volume":"109","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00049-19","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of conidial germination in Aspergillus spp","volume":"84","author":"Baltussen","year":""},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2023.05.001","article-title":"Cell wall of Aspergillus fumigatus: variability and response to stress","volume":"127","author":"Latg\u00e9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fungal Biol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-030117-020406","article-title":"The cell wall of the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus: biosynthesis, organization, immune response, and virulence","volume":"71","author":"Latg\u00e9","year":""},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12994","article-title":"The puzzling construction of the conidial outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"21","author":"Valsecchi","year":""},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01726-14","article-title":"Surface structure characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia mutated in the melanin synthesis pathway and their human cellular immune response","volume":"82","author":"Bayry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9020155","article-title":"Conidium specific polysaccharides in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2212003120","article-title":"Solid-state NMR molecular snapshots of Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall architecture during a conidial morphotype transition","volume":"120","author":"Lamon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10030219","article-title":"New vision of cell walls in Aspergillus fumigatus from solid-state NMR spectroscopy","volume":"10","author":"Gautam","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9766-0","article-title":"Aspergillus cell wall and biofilm","volume":"178","author":"Beauvais","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10667.x","article-title":"The molecular mechanisms of conidial germination","volume":"199","author":"Osherov","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9258(19)55694-0","article-title":"Molecular organization of the alkali-insoluble fraction of Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall *","volume":"275","author":"Fontaine","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780400029155","article-title":"Specific molecular features in the organization and biosynthesis of the cell wall of Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"43","author":"Latg\u00e9","year":""},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.29","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus: cell wall polysaccharides, their biosynthesis and organization","volume":"4","author":"Gastebois","year":""},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6382","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50799-8","article-title":"Adaptative survival of Aspergillus fumigatus to echinocandins arises from cell wall remodeling beyond \u03b2-1,3-glucan synthesis inhibition","volume":"15","author":"Dickwella Widanage","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01145-22","article-title":"Modern biophysics redefines our understanding of fungal cell wall structure, complexity, and dynamics","volume":"13","author":"Latg\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2019.1568174","article-title":"Galactosaminogalactan (GAG) and its multiple roles in Aspergillus pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Speth","year":""},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002372","article-title":"Galactosaminogalactan, a new immunosuppressive polysaccharide of Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"7","author":"Fontaine","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00252-16","article-title":"Deacetylation of fungal exopolysaccharide mediates adhesion and biofilm formation","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16144-5","article-title":"Structural and biochemical characterization of the exopolysaccharide deacetylase Agd3 required for Aspergillus fumigatus biofilm formation","volume":"11","author":"Bamford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003936","article-title":"A polysaccharide virulence factor from Aspergillus fumigatus elicits anti-inflammatory effects through induction of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist","volume":"10","author":"Gresnigt","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2996-z","article-title":"Galactosaminogalactan activates the inflammasome to provide host protection","volume":"588","author":"Briard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00365","article-title":"Definition of the anti-inflammatory oligosaccharides derived from the galactosaminogalactan (GAG) from Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"9","author":"Gressler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2017.1290524","article-title":"Candida albicans morphology: still in focus","volume":"15","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti-infective Ther"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020079","article-title":"Candida albicans-the virulence factors and clinical manifestations of infection","volume":"7","author":"Talapko","year":""},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.9.2106-2112.1996","article-title":"Candida albicans serotype analysis by flow cytometry","volume":"34","author":"Mercure","year":""},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20070081","article-title":"Chemical structure of the cell-wall mannan of Candida albicans serotype A and its difference in yeast and hyphal forms","volume":"404","author":"Shibata","year":""},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6230-6236.2004","article-title":"Cell wall mannan and cell surface hydrophobicity in Candida albicans serotype A and B strains","volume":"72","author":"Masuoka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2711","article-title":"Candida albicans morphogenesis and host defence: discriminating invasion from colonization","volume":"10","author":"Gow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcsw.2020.100047","article-title":"Scalar nanostructure of the Candida albicans cell wall; a molecular, cellular and ultrastructural analysis and interpretation","volume":"6","author":"Lenardon","year":""},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.28.17762","article-title":"Architecture of the yeast cell wall: \u03b2(1\u21926)-glucan interconnects mannoprotein, \u03b2(1\u21923)-glucan, and chitin*","volume":"272","author":"Koll\u00e1r","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000227","article-title":"Dynamic, morphotype-specific Candida albicans \u03b2-glucan exposure during infection and drug treatment","volume":"4","author":"Wheeler","year":"2008","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010192","article-title":"Control of \u03b2-glucan exposure by the endo-1,3-glucanase Eng1 in Candida albicans modulates virulence","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13298-9","article-title":"Non-canonical signalling mediates changes in fungal cell wall PAMPs that drive immune evasion","volume":"10","author":"Pradhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006403","article-title":"Adaptation of Candida albicans to environmental pH induces cell wall remodelling and enhances innate immune recognition","volume":"13","author":"Sherrington","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00340-06","article-title":"Developmental regulation of an adhesin gene during cellular morphogenesis in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans","volume":"6","author":"Argim\u00f3n","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eukaryotic Cell"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci27114","article-title":"Immune sensing of Candida albicans requires cooperative recognition of mannans and glucans by lectin and Toll-like receptors","volume":"116","author":"Netea","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2024.102539","article-title":"Is Cryptococcus neoformans a pleomorphic fungus","volume":"82","author":"Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2412534121","article-title":"Cell wall melanin impedes growth of the Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide capsule by sequestering calcium","volume":"121","author":"Baker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011141","article-title":"The Cryptococcus wall: a different wall for a unique lifestyle","volume":"19","author":"Mukaremera","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006978","article-title":"The Cryptococcus neoformans Titan cell is an inducible and regulated morphotype underlying pathogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Dambuza","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.05179-11","article-title":"Cryptococcal Titan cell formation is regulated by G-protein signaling in response to multiple stimuli","volume":"10","author":"Okagaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eukaryotic Cell"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006982","article-title":"Titan cells formation in Cryptococcus neoformans is finely tuned by environmental conditions and modulated by positive and negative genetic regulators","volume":"14","author":"Hommel","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780500286101","article-title":"Capsule-associated genes of serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans, especially serotype AD","volume":"44","author":"Okabayashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7040260","article-title":"Associations between Cryptococcus genotypes, phenotypes, and clinical parameters of human disease: a review","volume":"7","author":"Montoya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.838-840.1999","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii: separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates","volume":"37","author":"Franzot","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25112651","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans capsular GXM conformation and epitope presentation: a molecular modelling study","volume":"25","author":"Kuttel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00162-07","article-title":"Capsule structural heterogeneity and antigenic variation in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"6","author":"McFadden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eukaryotic Cell"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.62.081307.162753","article-title":"How sweet it is! Cell wall biogenesis and polysaccharide capsule formation in Cryptococcus neoformans","author":"Doering","year":""},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00001-12","article-title":"The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: a sword and a shield","volume":"25","author":"O'Meara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202510409","article-title":"Polymorphic \u03b1-glucans as structural scaffolds in Cryptococcus cell walls for chitin, capsule, and melanin: insights from 13C and 1H solid-state NMR","volume":"64","author":"Ankur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcsw.2017.12.001","article-title":"Titan cell production in Cryptococcus neoformans reshapes the cell wall and capsule composition during infection","volume":"1","author":"Mukaremera","year":""},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2018.1431087","article-title":"The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"10","author":"Casadevall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m509465200","article-title":"The physical properties of the capsular polysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans suggest features for capsule construction*","volume":"281","author":"McFadden","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00268-09","article-title":"Galactoxylomannans from Cryptococcus neoformans varieties neoformans and grubii are structurally and antigenically variable","volume":"9","author":"De Jesus","year":""},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-6215(97)10058-1","article-title":"Structural characterization of the galactoxylomannan of Cryptococcus neoformans Cap67","volume":"306","author":"Vaishnav","year":"1998","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2024.1501766","article-title":"Synthesis of branched and linear galactooligosaccharides related to glucuronoxylomannogalactan of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"12","author":"Dorokhova","year":""},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00129","article-title":"Immunomodulatory role of capsular polysaccharides constituents of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"6","author":"Decote-Ricardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05551.x","article-title":"Loss of cell wall alpha(1-3) glucan affects Cryptococcus neoformans from ultrastructure to virulence","author":"Reese","year":""},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07119.x","article-title":"KRE genes are required for beta-1,6-glucan synthesis, maintenance of capsule architecture and cell wall protein anchoring in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"76","author":"Gilbert","year":""},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00399-06","article-title":"Chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin, is necessary for cell wall integrity in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"6","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eukaryotic Cell"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02866-22","article-title":"Unraveling capsule biosynthesis and signaling networks in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"10","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00013-09","article-title":"Production of extracellular polysaccharides by CAP mutants of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"8","author":"Grijpstra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eukaryotic Cell"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1772657","article-title":"Titan cell formation is unique to Cryptococcus species complex","volume":"11","author":"Dyl\u0105g","year":""},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1689176","article-title":"Emergence of multidrug-resistant Candidozyma auris in southern China: a multicenter study on genetic diversity and antifungal resistance","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3767\/persoonia.2024.52.02","article-title":"Phylogenomic analysis of the Candida auris-Candida haemuli clade and related taxa in the Metschnikowiaceae, and proposal of thirteen new genera, fifty-five new combinations and nine new species","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":""},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0187-x","article-title":"Filamentation in Candida auris, an emerging fungal pathogen of humans: passage through the mammalian body induces a heritable phenotypic switch","volume":"7","author":"Yue","year":""},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2302.161320","article-title":"Biofilm-forming capability of highly virulent, multidrug-resistant Candida auris","volume":"23","author":"Sherry","year":""},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00151-20","article-title":"Pseudohyphal growth of the emerging pathogen Candida auris is triggered by genotoxic stress through the S phase checkpoint","volume":"5","author":"Bravo Ruiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa116","article-title":"Filamentous growth is a general feature of Candida auris clinical isolates","volume":"59","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2402635","article-title":"Candida auris infections","volume":"391","author":"Lionakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01397-19","article-title":"On the emergence of Candida auris: Climate change, azoles, swamps, and birds","volume":"10","author":"Casadevall","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz127","article-title":"The environmental stress sensitivities of pathogenic Candida species, including Candida auris, and implications for their spread in the hospital setting","volume":"58","author":"Heaney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03181-20","article-title":"Environmental isolation of Candida auris from the coastal wetlands of Andaman Islands, India","volume":"12","author":"Arora","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcsw.2021.100067","article-title":"Fungal cell wall components modulate our immune system","volume":"7","author":"Briard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Surf"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61678-1","article-title":"Distinct echinocandin responses of Candida albicans and Candida auris cell walls revealed by solid-state NMR","volume":"16","author":"Dickwella Widanage","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012011","article-title":"The many faces of Candida auris: Phenotypic and strain variation in an emerging pathogen","volume":"20","author":"Santana","year":"2024","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01585-21","article-title":"Delineation of the direct contribution of Candida auris ERG11 mutations to clinical triazole resistance","volume":"9","author":"Rybak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00365-20","article-title":"Mutations in TAC1B: a novel genetic determinant of clinical fluconazole resistance in Candida auris","volume":"11","author":"Rybak","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01652-21","article-title":"Impact of FKS1 genotype on echinocandin in vitro susceptibility in Candida auris and in vivo response in a murine model of infection","volume":"66","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-024-00795-y","article-title":"Alteration of \u03b2-glucan in the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris leads to immune evasion and increased virulence","volume":"213","author":"Selisana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae043","article-title":"Impact of micafungin on Candida auris \u03b2-glucan masking and neutrophil interactions","volume":"230","author":"Horton","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.925821","article-title":"Antibodies targeting Candida albicans Als3 and Hyr1 antigens protect neonatal mice from candidiasis","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1015586","article-title":"Cross-reactivity between vaccine antigens from the chitin deacetylase protein family improves survival in a mouse model of cryptococcosis","volume":"13","author":"Hester","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/md8010024","article-title":"Chitin deacetylases: Properties and applications","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00606-0","article-title":"Immunological correlates of protection following vaccination with glucan particles containing Cryptococcus neoformans chitin deacetylases","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.4c00094","article-title":"Semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccine candidates against Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"10","author":"Crawford","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.10.051","article-title":"Protection of mice against experimental cryptococcosis using glucan particle-based vaccines containing novel recombinant antigens","volume":"38","author":"Hester","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01872-17","article-title":"Vaccination with recombinant Cryptococcus proteins in glucan particles protects mice against cryptococcosis in a manner dependent upon mouse strain and cryptococcal species","volume":"8","author":"Specht","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03367-21","article-title":"Protection of mice against experimental cryptococcosis by synthesized peptides delivered in glucan particles","volume":"13","author":"Specht","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49284-w","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus establishes infection in zebrafish by germination of phagocytized conidia, while Aspergillus Niger relies on extracellular germination","volume":"9","author":"Koch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26749-z","article-title":"A molecular vision of fungal cell wall organization by functional genomics and solid-state NMR","volume":"12","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05199-0","article-title":"Molecular architecture of fungal cell walls revealed by solid-state NMR","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2020.119259","article-title":"Identification of Aspergillus species in human blood plasma by infrared spectroscopy and machine learning","volume":"248","author":"Elkadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A Mol Biomolecular Spectrosc"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1125676","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-aided rapid and accurate identification of clinical fungal infections by single-cell Raman spectroscopy","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040283","article-title":"Galactomannan produced by Aspergillus fumigatus: An update on the structure, biosynthesis and biological functions of an emblematic fungal biomarker","volume":"6","author":"Fontaine","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9080813","article-title":"Comparison of \u03b2-1-3-D-glucan and Candida mannan biomarker assays with serological tests for the diagnosis of candidemia","volume":"9","author":"Eades","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127117","article-title":"Evaluation of a new cryptococcal antigen lateral flow immunoassay in serum, cerebrospinal fluid and urine for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.08.010","article-title":"Preliminary evidence for a serum disaccharide signature of invasive Candida albicans infection detected by MALDI mass spectrometry","volume":"21","author":"Sendid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infection"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-1425(01)00584-4","article-title":"Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of wild growing mushrooms and toadstools","volume":"57","author":"Moha\u010dek-Gro\u0161ev","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A Mol Biomolecular Spectrosc"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27789","article-title":"Label-free chemical imaging of fungal spore walls by Raman microscopy and multivariate curve resolution analysis","volume":"6","author":"Noothalapati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8090912","article-title":"Deep learning assisted diagnosis of onychomycosis on whole-slide images","volume":"8","author":"Jansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-023-00926-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of invasive fungal infections: challenges and recent developments","volume":"30","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J BioMed Sci"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1943","article-title":"Assessment of the role of 1,3-\u03b2-d-glucan testing for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in adults","volume":"72","author":"Lamoth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01909-17","article-title":"Diagnosing invasive candidiasis","volume":"56","author":"Clancy Cornelius","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/idr17040091","article-title":"Antifungal agents in the 21st century: advances, challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Branda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf382","article-title":"Antifungal treatment strategies and their impact on resistance development in clinical settings","volume":"80","author":"Van Rhijn","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.06.013","article-title":"Next-generation antifungal drugs: mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical prospects","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1662442","article-title":"New antifungal strategies and drug development against WHO critical priority fungal pathogens","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":""},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa419","article-title":"Genetically related micafungin-resistant Candida parapsilosis blood isolates harbouring novel mutation R658G in hotspot 1 of Fks1p: a new challenge","volume":"76","author":"Arastehfar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56269-z","article-title":"Mechanisms of multidrug resistance caused by an Ipi1 mutation in the fungal pathogen Candida glabrata","volume":"16","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.642358","article-title":"Ibrexafungerp, a novel oral triterpenoid antifungal in development: overview of antifungal activity against Candida glabrata","volume":"11","author":"Gamal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35092620","article-title":"A new receptor for \u03b2-glucans","volume":"413","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwj077","article-title":"The carbohydrate-recognition domain of Dectin-2 is a C-type lectin with specificity for high mannose","volume":"16","author":"McGreal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/immu.200310029","article-title":"The C-type lectin DC-SIGN (CD209) is an antigen-uptake receptor for Candida albicans on dendritic cells","volume":"33","author":"Cambi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.6.1785","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the human macrophage mannose receptor: demonstration of multiple carbohydrate recognition-like domains and phagocytosis of yeasts in Cos-1 cells","volume":"172","author":"Ezekowitz","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.7.4620","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 mediates intracellular signaling without TNF-\u03b1 release in response to Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide capsule","volume":"166","author":"Shoham","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00111-10","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of serotype B glucuronoxylomannan from Cryptococcus gattii correlate with polysaccharide diameter","volume":"78","author":"Fonseca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375784","article-title":"Candida albicans phospholipomannan is sensed through toll-like receptors","volume":"188","author":"Jouault","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M511417200","article-title":"An \u03b1-glucan of Pseudallescheria boydii is involved in fungal phagocytosis and toll-like receptor activation*","volume":"281","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201846065","article-title":"The fungal ligand chitin directly binds TLR2 and triggers inflammation dependent on oligomer size","volume":"19","author":"Fuchs","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004050","article-title":"Fungal chitin dampens inflammation through IL-10 induction mediated by NOD2 and TLR9 activation","volume":"10","author":"Wagener","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1912476\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T14:36:26Z","timestamp":1786372586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1912476\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":170,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1912476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1912476","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"article-number":"1912476"}}