{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:09:56Z","timestamp":1788952196946,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteoporosis (OP) pathogenesis is inextricably linked to immune microenvironment dysregulation. However, the sex-specific immunoregulatory disparities between senile osteoporosis (SOP) and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) remain incompletely elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we integrated multi-cohort bulk transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and independent clinical validations to systematically decipher the distinct immune landscapes and circular RNA (circRNA) regulatory axes underlying SOP and PMOP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bulk transcriptomic analysis revealed pervasive cytokine activation in OP, and such activation may be linked to divergent gene signatures between cohorts. Notably,\n                      <jats:italic>LAG3<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>TBX21<\/jats:italic>\n                      emerged as core cytokine-related hub genes across datasets. Immune deconvolution demonstrated sexually dimorphic microenvironment remodeling: male SOP patients exhibited a significant decrease in CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells alongside expanded NK and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells, whereas female PMOP patients were primarily characterized by an increased proportion of monocytes. Furthermore, we constructed an immune-targeted competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network and identified three core circRNAs (hsa-KMT5B_0001, hsa-TMEM55A_0001, and hsa-TNFRSF21_0001) as potential upstream regulators of these immune shifts. Subsequent scRNA-seq analysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells validated the peripheral immune imbalances and overexpressed the heightened expression of key cytokine genes predominantly to dendritic cells and monocytes. Finally, quantitative RT-PCR and flow cytometry in an independent clinical cohort further validated the upregulation of the target transcripts and the specific expansion of NK cells in SOP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study unveils the sex-divergent immune-associated mechanisms underlying OP and delineates three novel circRNA-cytokine networks. These findings provide a theoretical basis and candidate molecular targets for the development of stratified, sex-specific clinical interventions for OP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1914272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:14:48Z","timestamp":1788948888000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elevated cytokines in osteoporotic blood correlate with immune microenvironment shifts and dysregulated circRNA profiles"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiti","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Guangshui Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital","place":["Suizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(10)62349-5","article-title":"Osteoporosis: now and the future","volume":"377","author":"Rachner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000166209","article-title":"Osteoporosis: an age-related and gender-specific disease\u2013a mini-review","volume":"55","author":"Pietschmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2269","article-title":"The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine","volume":"29","author":"Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207623","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutics for osteoporosis","volume":"21","author":"Noh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.05.014","article-title":"Interaction between bone and immune cells: implications for postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"123","author":"Fischer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.687037","article-title":"Immunoporosis: role of innate immune cells in osteoporosis","volume":"12","author":"Saxena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00334.x","article-title":"The role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis","volume":"208","author":"Clowes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/125705","article-title":"The role of inflammatory cytokines, the RANKL\/OPG axis, and the immunoskeletal interface in physiological bone turnover and osteoporosis","volume":"2013","author":"Weitzmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-0921-5_4","article-title":"Regulation of IL-6 in immunity and diseases","volume":"941","author":"Tanaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regul Cytokine Gene Expr Immun Dis"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"1498","article-title":"Systematic analysis of lncRNAs, mRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2016.09.011","article-title":"Circular RNAs are miRNA sponges and can be used as a new class of biomarker","volume":"238","author":"Kulcheski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.29678","article-title":"Circular RNAs in immune responses and immune diseases","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523219666190716092203","article-title":"The therapeutic potential and role of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in osteoarthritis","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Gene Ther"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","article-title":"fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3317","article-title":"HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","article-title":"limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4096","article-title":"Integrating single-cell transcriptomic data across different conditions, technologies, and species","volume":"36","author":"Butler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28803-w","article-title":"Fully-automated and ultra-fast cell-type identification using specific marker combinations from single-cell transcriptomic data","volume":"13","author":"Ianevski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2021.100141","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: a universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3337","article-title":"Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles","volume":"12","author":"Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11928","article-title":"Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency","volume":"495","author":"Memczak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.10.062","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of Drosophila circular RNAs reveals their structural and sequence properties and age-dependent neural accumulation","volume":"9","author":"Westholm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.202895.115","article-title":"Diverse alternative back-splicing and alternative splicing landscape of circular RNAs","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx014","article-title":"Circular RNA identification based on multiple seed matching","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02018-y","article-title":"CircAtlas: an integrated resource of one million highly accurate circular RNAs from 1070 vertebrate transcriptomes","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.043687.113","article-title":"circBase: a database for circular RNAs","volume":"20","author":"Glazar","year":"2014","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34985","article-title":"circRNADb: a comprehensive database for human circular RNAs with protein-coding annotations","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1273","article-title":"deepBase v2.0: identification, expression, evolution and function of small RNAs, LncRNAs and circular RNAs from deep-sequencing data","volume":"44","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2018.08.001","article-title":"CIRCpedia v2: an updated database for comprehensive circular RNA annotation and expression comparison","volume":"16","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genomics Proteomics Bioinf"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvw250","article-title":"A landscape of circular RNA expression in the human heart","volume":"113","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-219","article-title":"TCC: an R package for comparing tag count data with robust normalization strategies","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AAanT.2025.152779","article-title":"The bone-immune interface shapes skeletal regeneration","volume":"265","author":"Gei\u00dfler","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.965258","article-title":"Immunoporosis: role of immune system in the pathophysiology of different types of osteoporosis","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2019.12.002","article-title":"Role of allograft inflammatory factor-1 in pathogenesis of diseases","volume":"218","author":"Sikora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/enm.2022.1516","article-title":"MicroRNA-181a-5p curbs osteogenic differentiation and bone formation partially through impairing Runx1-dependent inhibition of AIF-1 transcription","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-270090","article-title":"CX3CR1 deficiency delays acute skeletal muscle injury repair by impairing macrophage functions","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20316","article-title":"Stat1-mediated cytoplasmic attenuation in osteoimmunology","volume":"94","author":"Takayanagi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.958974","article-title":"Inflammatory activation of the Fc\u03b3R and IFN\u03b3R pathways co-influences the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts","volume":"13","author":"Groetsch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p.352","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02626-2","article-title":"SPON2 facilitates osteosarcoma development by inducing M2 macrophage polarization through activation of the NF-\u03baB\/VEGF signaling axis","volume":"11","author":"Groetsch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2025.108500","article-title":"Knockdown of C3aR alleviates age-related bone loss via activation of YAP1\/\u03b2-catenin signaling","volume":"301","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.244","article-title":"Mechanistic advances in osteoporosis and anti-osteoporosis therapies[J","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"MedComm (2020)"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.992","article-title":"High systemic immune-inflammation index is relevant to osteoporosis among middle-aged and older people: a cross-sectional study[J","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immun Inflammation Dis"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.08.008","article-title":"Inhibitory co-receptor Lag3 supports Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function by restraining Myc-dependent metabolic programming","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-016-0486-0","article-title":"Epigenetic modification mediates the increase of LAG-3+ T cells in chronic osteomyelitis","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2009.41.1.005","article-title":"Association of TBX21 polymorphisms in a Korean population with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"41","author":"Chae","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13447","article-title":"Frailty phenotype as mediator between systemic inflammation and osteoporosis and fracture risks: a prospective study","volume":"15","author":"Di","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.975400","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study of the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2007-2018","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ms9.0000000000003615","article-title":"The mechanism of NK cell expression of RANKL\/RANK\/OPG pathway in mouse models of femoral head necrosis","volume":"87","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-03956-x","article-title":"Distinct profiles of osteoclast and dendritic cell-mediated expansion and functional activation of NK and T cells","volume":"74","author":"Kaur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.206226","article-title":"Decreased surface receptors, function, and suboptimal osteoclasts-induced cell expansion in natural killer (NK) cells of elderly subjects","volume":"17","author":"Kaur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/ad.2021.0110","article-title":"Premature senescence of T-cells favors bone loss during osteolytic diseases. A new concern in the osteoimmunology arena","volume":"12","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Osuna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201052","article-title":"Induced T regulatory cells suppress osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis better than natural T regulatory cells","volume":"71","author":"Kong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3250-7","article-title":"Circulating monocytes: an appropriate model for bone-related study","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364100","article-title":"CD14+ Monocytes will become a new target for the treatment of osteoporosis: Based on Mendel randomization, clinical analysis and cell experiment verification","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.11.28.568839","article-title":"Interpretable inflammation landscape of circulating immune cells","volume":"32","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Gracia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01619","article-title":"Human bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells show an immature transcriptional and functional profile compared to their peripheral blood counterparts and separate from Slan+ non-classical monocytes","volume":"9","author":"Van Leeuwen-Kerkhoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.151513","article-title":"From circRNAs to fusion circRNAs in hematological Malignancies","volume":"6","author":"Babin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003562726-16","article-title":"Identification of TNFRSF21 as an inhibitory factor of osteosarcoma based on a necroptosis-related prognostic gene signature and molecular experiments","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02200-3","article-title":"From CRISPR screens to circuits: identifying key regulators in T cell activation and state transitions","volume":"10","author":"Roman Azcona","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115580","article-title":"CircRNA-mediated ceRNA mechanism in osteoarthritis: Special emphasis on circRNAs in exosomes and the crosstalk of circRNAs and RNA methylation","volume":"212","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.08.004","article-title":"Interleukin-2 receptor signaling: at the interface between tolerance and immunity","volume":"33","author":"Malek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1119303","article-title":"STAT1 regulates osteoclastogenesis and bone mass","volume":"124","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-021-00148-y","article-title":"miR-140-3p enhanced the osteo\/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs via inhibiting KMT5B under hypoxia condition","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2021-0357","article-title":"miR-150-5p affects AS plaque with ASMC proliferation and migration by STAT1","volume":"16","author":"Bian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Med (Wars)"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.10.1747","article-title":"osteoclastic resorption, and osteoporosis therapy","volume":"16","author":"Zaidi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2025.101886","article-title":"Distinct osteoclastogenic potential of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced monocyte subsets","volume":"10","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Rep"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090829","article-title":"Genome-wide expression analyses establish dendritic cells as a new osteoclast precursor able to generate bone-resorbing cells more efficiently than monocytes","volume":"25","author":"Gallois","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-023-00268-4","article-title":"JAK inhibition ameliorates bone destruction by simultaneously targeting mature osteoclasts and their precursors","volume":"43","author":"Yari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammation Regener"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13209","article-title":"Role of CXCL10 released from osteocytes in response to TNF-\u03b1 stimulation on osteoclasts","volume":"15","author":"Miura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-025-06411-9","article-title":"TMEM55A-mediated PI5P signaling regulates \u03b1-cell actin depolymerization and glucagon secretion","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.26075","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the effects of oxidative stress on the skeletal system","volume":"43","author":"Shinohara","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19040984","article-title":"The sealing zone in osteoclasts: A self-organized structure on the bone","volume":"19","author":"Takito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1914272\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:14:49Z","timestamp":1788948889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1914272\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1914272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1914272","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"article-number":"1914272"}}