{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:04:09Z","timestamp":1789365849031,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02A005005000186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02A005005000186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017712","name":"Bureau of Science and Technology of Ganzhou Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GZ2024YLJ105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ2024YLJ105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009102","name":"Education Department of Jiangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GJJ2401308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2401308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnancy requires coordinated immune adaptation to maintain fetal tolerance while preserving antiviral defense. However, the temporal dynamics of maternal cellular immunity and maternal-fetal antibody transfer after SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy remain incompletely defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We enrolled 52 pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and stratified them by infection-to-delivery interval: &amp;lt;90 days, 90\u2013120 days, and &amp;gt;120 days. Maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by multiparametric flow cytometry. Basal and Omicron BA.5.2 antigen-induced IFN-\u03b3 production by CD3\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells were assessed, and SARS-CoV-2-specific S1\/RBD IgM and IgG levels were measured in paired maternal and cord blood by ELISA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline characteristics and major perinatal outcomes were broadly comparable among groups. Maternal T cells retained antigen-inducible IFN-\u03b3 responses, with the strongest responses observed in the 90\u2013120-day group. Immune phenotyping revealed interval-associated remodeling of adaptive T-cell subsets, \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell receptor phenotypes, NK-cell subsets, and selected B-cell compartments. Cord blood IgM remained consistently low, providing no immunological evidence of intrauterine SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, maternal and cord blood IgG levels were positively correlated, indicating preserved transplacental IgG transfer without clear time-dependent changes in transfer efficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results extend current understanding of post-infection immune adaptation during pregnancy and provide an immunological basis for future longitudinal studies aimed at defining the timing and durability of maternal and neonatal immune protection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1914308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:39:26Z","timestamp":1789364366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell Receptor remodeling and antigen-induced T-cell IFN-\u03b3 responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: insights for \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongfeng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muzi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zhuhai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danchun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Adolescent Growth and Weight Management Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Children\u2019s Medical 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