{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:17:01Z","timestamp":1788535021537,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) represent a spectrum of chronic gastrointestinal disorders fueled by a complex multifactorial interplay, where mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a critical contributor. The SLC25 family of mitochondrial transporters mediates the exchange of essential metabolites across the mitochondrial inner membrane, serving as pivotal regulators of cellular energy homeostasis in both the intestinal epithelium and immune cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that dysregulation of SLC25-dependent metabolic transport disrupts the crosstalk between cellular metabolism and immune signaling, driving chronic intestinal inflammation. This review comprehensively examines the pathological roles of SLC25 proteins across three interconnected dimensions: epithelial barrier disruption, immune dysregulation, and host-microbiota metabolic crosstalk. Specifically, we synthesize current findings on how altered SLC25 function compromises the intestinal barrier via oxidative stress and energy deficits, skews immune cell polarization toward pro-inflammatory states, and perpetuates a vicious cycle of microbial dysbiosis. Ultimately, this review provides a comprehensive theoretical basis for the central role of SLC25-mediated metabolic reprogramming in IBD pathogenesis, and establishes a critical mechanistic foundation for the development of novel metabolism-targeted therapeutics and diagnostic biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1915452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:31:37Z","timestamp":1788532297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SLC25 in intestinal inflammation: mechanisms, pathological roles, and therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, the First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]},{"name":"First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Digestive System Diseases","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zan","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, the First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]},{"name":"First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Digestive System Diseases","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, the First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Digestive System Diseases","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linting","family":"Xun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Digestive System Diseases","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Digestive System Diseases","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Digestive System Diseases","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, the First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]},{"name":"First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Digestive System Diseases","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, the First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]},{"name":"First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Digestive System Diseases","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]},{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Blood Disease and Thrombosis Prevention and Control","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147618","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells in intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"22","author":"Saez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00009.2020","article-title":"The SLC25 carrier family: Important transport proteins in mitochondrial physiology and pathology","volume":"35","author":"Kunji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol (Bethesda)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1478374","article-title":"Advances in research on the role of high carbohydrate diet in the process of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319514","article-title":"Mitochondrial impairment drives intestinal stem cell transition into dysfunctional Paneth cells predicting Crohn's disease recurrence","volume":"69","author":"Khaloian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.11.009","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signaling rewires macrophage metabolism and promotes histone acetylation via ATP-citrate lyase","volume":"51","author":"Lauterbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.96563","article-title":"SLC25A33-mediated mitochondrial DNA synthesis plays a critical role in the inflammatory response of M1 macrophages by contributing to mitochondrial ROS and VDAC oligomerization","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05058-1","article-title":"Predictive biomarkers for anti-TNF alpha therapy in IBD patients","volume":"22","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202357127","article-title":"Human mitochondrial ADP\/ATP carrier SLC25A4 operates with a ping-pong kinetic mechanism","volume":"24","author":"Cimadamore-Werthein","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.146","article-title":"Mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide carrier (PNC1) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and the invasive phenotype of cancer cells","volume":"29","author":"Favre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45044-1","article-title":"Mitophagy curtails cytosolic mtDNA-dependent activation of cGAS\/STING inflammation during aging","volume":"15","author":"Jimenez-Loygorri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjy052","article-title":"The SLC transporter in nutrient and metabolic sensing, regulation, and drug development","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0492-9","article-title":"Loss of solute carrier family 7 member 2 exacerbates inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis","volume":"38","author":"Coburn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i3.252","article-title":"SLC6A14 promotes ulcerative colitis progression by facilitating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis","volume":"30","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2019.11.001","article-title":"The SLC25 mitochondrial carrier family: Structure and mechanism","volume":"45","author":"Ruprecht","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20121753","article-title":"Physiological and pathological roles of mitochondrial SLC25 carriers","volume":"454","author":"Gutierrez-Aguilar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.05.005","article-title":"The mitochondrial transporter family SLC25: Identification, properties and physiopathology","volume":"34","author":"Palmieri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4009354","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-853235\/v1","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis and validation of solute carrier family 25 (SLC25) and its correlation with immune infiltration in pan-cancer","volume":"2022","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30126-9","article-title":"Combinatorial GxGxE CRISPR screen identifies SLC25A39 in mitochondrial glutathione transport linking iron homeostasis to OXPHOS","volume":"13","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-07308-y","article-title":"SLC25A21 correlates with the prognosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia through inhibiting the growth of leukemia cells via downregulating CXCL8","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04692-1","article-title":"An integrated bioinformatic investigation of mitochondrial solute carrier family 25 (SLC25) in colon cancer followed by preliminary validation of member 5 (SLC25A5) in tumorigenesis","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02056","article-title":"Structure of mitochondrial ADP\/ATP carrier in complex with carboxyatractyloside","volume":"426","author":"Pebay-Peyroula","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509994103","article-title":"Mitochondrial carriers in the cytoplasmic state have a common substrate binding site","volume":"103","author":"Robinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.11.025","article-title":"The molecular mechanism of transport by the mitochondrial ADP\/ATP carrier","volume":"176","author":"Ruprecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-016-1413-4","article-title":"Transgenic overexpression of adenine nucleotide translocase 1 protects ischemic hearts against oxidative stress","volume":"94","author":"Klumpe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20011672","article-title":"Role of critical thiol groups on the matrix surface of the adenine nucleotide translocase in the mechanism of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore","volume":"367","author":"McStay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.22.12896","article-title":"Mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase is modified oxidatively during aging","volume":"95","author":"Yan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-025-00843-2","article-title":"SLC25A11-mediated reprogramming of mitochondrial redox state and lipid peroxidation confers NRF2-dependent ferroptosis resistance in biliary tract cancer","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116246","article-title":"SLC25A39 binds and modulates PRDX1 to suppress ROS-induced necroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"172","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006656","article-title":"Novel insights into SLC25A46-related pathologies in a genetic mouse model","volume":"13","author":"Terzenidou","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Genet"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.05.006","article-title":"The mitochondrial ADP\/ATP carrier (SLC25 family): Pathological implications of its dysfunction","volume":"34","author":"Clemencon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610157104","article-title":"Regulation of epithelial tight junction assembly and disassembly by AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"104","author":"Zheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200902153","article-title":"Caveolin-1-dependent occludin endocytosis is required for TNF-induced tight junction regulation in vivo","volume":"189","author":"Marchiando","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00173.2003","article-title":"TNF-alpha-induced increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction permeability requires NF-kappa B activation","volume":"286","author":"Ma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf7419","article-title":"A sentinel goblet cell guards the colonic crypt by triggering Nlrp6-dependent Muc2 secretion","volume":"352","author":"Birchenough","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076918","article-title":"Cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive cannabinoid compound, inhibits proliferation and invasion in U87-MG and T98G glioma cells through a multitarget effect","volume":"8","author":"Solinas","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2741-7","article-title":"SLC25A51 is a mammalian mitochondrial NAD(+) transporter","volume":"588","author":"Luongo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19871-x","article-title":"Epistasis-driven identification of SLC25A51 as a regulator of human mitochondrial NAD import","volume":"11","author":"Girardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04025-w","article-title":"SLC25A39 is necessary for mitochondrial glutathione import in mammalian cells","volume":"599","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-023-00135-1","article-title":"High-salt-diet (HSD) aggravates the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) via regulating epithelial necroptosis","volume":"4","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol BioMed"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2299-1","article-title":"Ferroptosis involves in intestinal epithelial cell death in ulcerative colitis","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2020.06.005","article-title":"Ferroptosis mediated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis associated with Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway","volume":"225","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170529101810","article-title":"Dietary polyphenols and mitochondrial function: Role in health and disease","volume":"26","author":"Teixeira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2015.00062","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"3","author":"Novak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.12.12.693842","article-title":"Mitochondrial control of glycerolipid synthesis by a PEP shuttle","author":"Yamamuro","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2014.07.013","article-title":"A key role of the mitochondrial citrate carrier (SLC25A1) in TNFalpha- and IFNgamma-triggered inflammation","volume":"1839","author":"Infantino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.02.005","article-title":"Network integration of parallel metabolic and transcriptional data reveals metabolic modules that regulate macrophage polarization","volume":"42","author":"Jha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2025.08.018","article-title":"SLC25A45 is required for mitochondrial uptake of methylated amino acids and de novo carnitine biosynthesis","volume":"85","author":"Dias","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20111275","article-title":"The mitochondrial citrate carrier: A new player in inflammation","volume":"438","author":"Infantino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2024.102047","article-title":"Distinct roles for the domains of the mitochondrial aspartate\/glutamate carrier citrin in organellar localization and substrate transport","volume":"90","author":"Tavoulari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451043","article-title":"Liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells undergo apoptosis in murine models of macrophage activation syndrome and are dispensable for disease","volume":"54","author":"De Visscher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11060880","article-title":"Welcome to the family: Identification of the NAD(+) transporter of animal mitochondria as member of the solute carrier family SLC25","volume":"11","author":"Ziegler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09973","article-title":"TLR signalling augments macrophage bactericidal activity through mitochondrial ROS","volume":"472","author":"West","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.10.020","article-title":"Mitochondria are required for antigen-specific T cell activation through reactive oxygen species signaling","volume":"38","author":"Sena","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20110326","article-title":"Intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins in health and disease","volume":"437","author":"Said","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bss0660149","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis","volume":"5","author":"Brealey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m114.610808","article-title":"The human SLC25A33 and SLC25A36 genes of solute carrier family 25 encode two mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide transporters","volume":"289","author":"Di Noia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00385-9","article-title":"Cellular pyrimidine imbalance triggers mitochondrial DNA-dependent innate immunity","volume":"3","author":"Sprenger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat9076","article-title":"Colonocyte metabolism shapes the gut microbiota","volume":"362","author":"Litvak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9949","article-title":"Microbiota-activated PPAR-gamma signaling inhibits dysbiotic Enterobacteriaceae expansion","volume":"357","author":"Byndloss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.005","article-title":"The treatment-naive microbiome in new-onset Crohn's disease","volume":"15","author":"Gevers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2019.07.010","article-title":"The human uncoupling proteins 5 and 6 (UCP5\/SLC25A14 and UCP6\/SLC25A30) transport sulfur oxyanions, phosphate and dicarboxylates","volume":"1860","author":"Gorgoglione","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3849","article-title":"The Legionella pneumophila effector Lpg1137 is a homologue of mitochondrial SLC25 carrier proteins, not of known serine proteases","volume":"5","author":"Gradowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.94187.3","article-title":"A mitochondrial carrier transports glycolytic intermediates to link cytosolic and mitochondrial glycolysis in the human gut parasite Blastocystis","volume":"13","author":"Pyrihova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.05.039","article-title":"Protective effects of IRG1\/itaconate on acute colitis through the inhibition of gasdermins-mediated pyroptosis and inflammation response","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156179","article-title":"Xianglian pill alleviates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization via modulation of energy metabolite itaconate","volume":"135","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082364","article-title":"Changes in mitochondrial carriers exhibit stress-specific signatures in INS-1Ebeta-cells exposed to glucose versus fatty acids","volume":"8","author":"Brun","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2025.09.009","article-title":"Immunometabolic reprogramming of macrophages by gut microbiota-derived cadaverine controls colon inflammation","volume":"33","author":"de Oliveira Formiga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04512","article-title":"Mitoferrin is essential for erythroid iron assimilation","volume":"440","author":"Shaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2018.10.014","article-title":"Characterization of a nucleus located mollusc mitoferrin and its response to OsHV-1 infection","volume":"1863","author":"Xin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10040655","article-title":"Diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial carrier genes SLC25: A review","volume":"10","author":"Palmieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s13755-025-00358-2","article-title":"The role of mitochondria-related proteins in inflammation and autoimmune diseases: A causal analysis using Mendelian randomization and colocalization","volume":"13","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Inf Sci Syst"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2024.0632","article-title":"Targeting SLC25A33 suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by reducing cytosolic mtDNA levels: Implications for occlusive vascular diseases","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1562","article-title":"The mitochondrial citrate carrier (CIC) is present and regulates insulin secretion by human male gamete","volume":"153","author":"Cappello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041948","article-title":"Intestinal antiinflammatory effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma","volume":"201","author":"Rousseaux","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4345","article-title":"Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.11.013","article-title":"Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha","volume":"127","author":"Lagouge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B77","article-title":"Mechanism of Shenling Baizhu Powder on treatment of ulcerative colitis based on NLRP3 inflammatory","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B78","article-title":"Mechanism of Shenling Baizhu Powder in alleviation of ulcerative colitis in mice based on high-throughput transcriptome sequencing","volume":"47","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39299","article-title":"Huangqin-tang ameliorates dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis by regulating intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis, inflammation and immune response","volume":"6","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154658","article-title":"Wumei Wan attenuates angiogenesis and inflammation by modulating RAGE signaling pathway in IBD: Network pharmacology analysis and experimental evidence","volume":"111","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3tb02995f","article-title":"Bioinspired and biomimetic strategies for inflammatory bowel disease therapy","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c18099","article-title":"Yeast-inspired orally-administered nanocomposite scavenges oxidative stress and restores gut immune homeostasis for inflammatory bowel disease treatment","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2008.03.029","article-title":"Targeting lipophilic cations to mitochondria","volume":"1777","author":"Murphy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2014.06.010","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of mitochondria-targeted resveratrol derivatives: Interactions with respiratory chain complexes and ATP synthase","volume":"1837","author":"Sassi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.100965","article-title":"Multi-targeting inulin-based nanoparticles with cannabidiol for effective prevention of ulcerative colitis","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1231700","article-title":"Epithelial NAD(+) depletion drives mitochondrial dysfunction and contributes to intestinal inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Novak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B87","article-title":"Identification of the mitochondrial glutamate transporter. Bacterial expression, reconstitution, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of two human isoforms","volume":"277","author":"Fiermonte","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00312.2011","article-title":"Berberine promotes recovery of colitis and inhibits inflammatory responses in colonic macrophages and epithelial cells in DSS-treated mice","volume":"302","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1915452\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:31:38Z","timestamp":1788532298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1915452\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1915452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1915452","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"article-number":"1915452"}}