{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:52:57Z","timestamp":1785909177314,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the potential of serum interleukin (IL)-32\u03b3 levels as a biomarker for assessing lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) and remission, the targets of a treat-to-target strategy, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed sera from 40 patients with SLE. Serum IL-32\u03b3 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, alongside conventional serologic markers (C3, C4, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody). Disease status was classified according to LLDAS, definition of remission in SLE (DORIS) remission, and glucocorticoid (GC)-free remission. Correlations with SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) were examined using Spearman\u2019s rank correlation coefficient, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to evaluate discriminative accuracy for disease state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum IL-32\u03b3 levels correlated significantly with SLEDAI-2K (rho=0.401, p=0.010), as did the conventional serologic markers. In ROC analyses, IL-32\u03b3 was statistically significant in discriminating LLDAS (area under the curve [AUC]=0.728, p=0.014), similar to the other conventional serologic markers. However, for more stringent definitions, IL-32\u03b3 was the only serologic marker that retained statistical significance (DORIS remission: AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.785, p=0.014; and GC-free remission: AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.831, p=0.007).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum IL-32\u03b3 is significantly associated with overall disease activity and shows promising discriminatory ability for disease states in SLE. Notably, it retains discriminative capacity in stringent remission definitions, underscoring its potential as a novel biomarker. These findings suggest that IL-32\u03b3 could complement existing tools in treat-to-target strategies, offering a simple serologic marker to guide therapy toward the ultimate goal of GC-free remission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1915750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:41:55Z","timestamp":1785908515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum IL-32\u03b3 as a biomarker for remission assessment in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Oh Chan","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Chan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Gil","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218272","article-title":"Update on the diagnosis and management of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"80","author":"Fanouriakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann 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