{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:57:13Z","timestamp":1791928633772,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nutritional supplementation with \u03c9-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has shown potential benefits in inflammatory bowel disease, although clinical responses remain inconsistent. This may be partly due to the limited conversion of \u03c9-3 PUFAs into specialized pro-resolving mediators under physiological conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated whether fermentation of \u03c9-3 PUFA lysine salt with Bacillus megaterium DSM 32963 enhanced its anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activity. The resulting formulation was evaluated in ex vivo colon biopsies obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and healthy subjects. Inflammatory cytokine expression and macrophage-associated markers were assessed using qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The B. megaterium\/\u03c9-3 PUFA formulation modulated the inflammatory response in ulcerative colitis biopsies, reducing the expression of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting a macrophage profile associated with resolution of inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide preliminary evidence that microbial conversion of \u03c9-3 PUFAs can enhance their pro-resolving activity in human colonic tissue. This synbiotic approach may represent a promising nutritional adjunct for ulcerative colitis, although further in vivo and clinical investigations are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1916994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:23:30Z","timestamp":1787631810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A novel Bacillus megaterium\/\u03c9-3 PUFA synbiotic attenuates colon inflammation and promotes a pro-resolving macrophage profile ex-vivo"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Prete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno","place":["Baronissi, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo","place":["Naples, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Picone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno","place":["Baronissi, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Carmelita","family":"Abate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno","place":["Baronissi, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bodo","family":"Speckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evonik Operations GmbH","place":["Hanau, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Berngruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kerry Global Innovation Centre","place":["Naas, 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