{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T12:24:51Z","timestamp":1787228691919,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) have evolved from descriptive histological findings into candidate biomarkers and targetable immune niches in solid tumors. In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), however, similar lymphoid architectures may have different biological implications depending on their relationship to tumor nests, immune circuitry, and suppressive stroma. We define a \u201cTLS topotype\u201d as the multidimensional state of an individual TLS-centered region, including the TLS core, its perilesional neighborhood, and the nearest tumor\u2013stroma interface. This state integrates anatomic topology and tumor accessibility, structural maturity, putative effector circuitry, and suppressive context; treatment-induced plasticity is considered separately through longitudinal assessment. Because heterogeneous TLS may coexist within one tumor, the whole tumor is represented by a \u201ctopotype landscape\u201d based on compartment-specific TLS density and the distribution of TLS-level states rather than a single label. Direct human ICC evidence supports compartment-resolved associations between TLS distribution and outcome and identifies suppressive B-cell, Treg, myeloid, and stromal programs. These observations establish spatial TLS organization as prognostically relevant, but do not validate the framework or demonstrate treatment-specific prediction. By contrast, TLS-resident TCF7-positive stem-like CD8 T-cell maintenance, coordinated B-cell\u2013dendritic-cell\u2013T-cell circuitry, and ICI-specific predictive value remain unproven in ICC and should be considered hypothesis-generating. The framework therefore distinguishes candidate circuit-competent, tumor-accessible TLS states from stromally excluded or suppressive-neighborhood states while allowing mixed profiles. Multiplex pathology and spatial transcriptomics may define these states, whereas radiomics, liquid biopsy, and pretreatment biopsy provide complementary but incomplete information. Biopsy can characterize only TLS states captured in sampled tissue, and radiomics currently estimates whole-lesion TLS probability rather than functional topology. Marker expression or spatial colocalization alone does not establish functional productivity, which requires evidence of tumor-antigen presentation or specificity, local lymphocyte renewal or clonal expansion, functional perturbation, or a spatially linked treatment response. By separating TLS-level state, tumor-level landscape, and patient-level trial stratum, this review provides a framework for biomarker development, therapeutic reprogramming, prospective validation, and longitudinal monitoring in ICC. No TLS topotype has yet been validated to predict differential benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition in ICC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1919543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T11:39:17Z","timestamp":1787225957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tertiary lymphoid structure topotypes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: spatial immunity, checkpoint-response associations, and therapeutic reprogramming"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhigao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Civil Aviation General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Peking University Research Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Liver Cancer","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Peking University Institute of Organ Transplantation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Peking University Research Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Liver Cancer","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Peking University Institute of Organ Transplantation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Peking University Research Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Liver Cancer","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Peking University Institute of Organ Transplantation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01153-w","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma 2026: status quo, unmet needs and priorities","volume":"23","author":"Banales","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00741-4","article-title":"Immunology and immunotherapy of cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Greten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084187","article-title":"The tumor microenvironment drives intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression","volume":"23","author":"Mancarella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59717\/j.xinn-med.2024.100052","article-title":"Igniting cold tumors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: An insight into immune evasion and tumor immune microenvironment","volume":"2","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Innov Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1651769","article-title":"Immunotherapy in biliary tract cancer: reshaping the tumour microenvironment and advancing precision combination strategies","volume":"16","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03841-z","article-title":"Effectiveness, safety, and biomarker analysis of lenvatinib plus toripalimab as chemo-free therapy in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a real-world study","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000873","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures: Diversity in their development, composition, and role","volume":"206","author":"Gago da Gra\u00e7a","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00728-0","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures in anticancer immunity","volume":"24","author":"Teillaud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1385802","article-title":"Association between tertiary lymphoid structures and clinical outcomes in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1414884","article-title":"Associations between tertiary lymphoid structure density and immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in solid tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-021-00232-6","article-title":"Mature tertiary lymphoid structures predict immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in solid tumors independently of PD-L1 expression","volume":"2","author":"Vanhersecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1640","article-title":"Geospatial immune heterogeneity reflects the diverse tumor-immune interactions in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12060862","article-title":"Revealing the heterogeneity of the tumor ecosystem of cholangiocarcinoma through single-cell transcriptomics","volume":"12","author":"Golino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15082379","article-title":"Non-inflamed tumor microenvironment and methylation\/downregulation of antigen-presenting machineries in cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Nishida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.113940","article-title":"Dissecting tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: Maturation, localization and density","volume":"15","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-01980-6","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structural heterogeneity determines tumour immunity and prospects for clinical application","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1166497","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.10.030","article-title":"Distribution and density of tertiary lymphoid structures predict clinical outcome in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"76","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-024-03922-5","article-title":"Prognostic impact of the tumour microenvironment in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: identification of a peritumoural fibro-immune interface","volume":"485","author":"Lubuela","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-023-02639-0","article-title":"Spatiotemporal regulation of cholangiocarcinoma growth and dissemination by peritumoral myofibroblasts in a Vcam1-dependent manner","volume":"42","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2200174","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures as unique constructions associated with the organization, education, and function of tumor-infiltrating immunocytes","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-03889-3","article-title":"Immune microenvironment spatial landscapes of tertiary lymphoid structures in gastric cancer","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaf310","article-title":"An immunosuppressive tertiary lymphoid structure is associated with adverse prognosis in gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma","volume":"118","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010173","article-title":"Comparative impact of tertiary lymphoid structures and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Chung","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100401","article-title":"Correlation of vein-rich tumor microenvironment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with tertiary lymphoid structures and patient outcome","volume":"37","author":"Doi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2025-334861","article-title":"Immunosuppressive contribution of tumour-infiltrating B cells in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and their role in chemoimmunotherapy outcome","volume":"75","author":"Milardi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1708962","article-title":"Enhancing cDC1-mediated anti-tumor immunity limits tumor progression and potentiates anti-PD-1 therapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Pei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02079-z","article-title":"Mobilization and activation of tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells inhibits lymph node metastasis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.05.043","article-title":"Multimodal single-cell profiling of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma defines hyperactivated Tregs as a potential therapeutic target","volume":"77","author":"Alvisi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2024-1515","article-title":"Abstract 1515: Tertiary lymphoid structures restrain cancer evolution by supporting stem-like CD8+ T cells for sustained anti-tumor immunity","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1914-8","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures improve immunotherapy and survival in melanoma","volume":"577","author":"Cabrita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1922-8","article-title":"B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response","volume":"577","author":"Helmink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59341-w","article-title":"Mature tertiary lymphoid structures evoke intra-tumoral T and B cell responses via progenitor exhausted CD4(+) T cells in head and neck cancer","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090410","article-title":"Dendritic cells are crucial for maintenance of tertiary lymphoid structures in the lung of influenza virus-infected mice","volume":"206","author":"GeurtsvanKessel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-0952","article-title":"Characterization of chemokines and adhesion molecules associated with T cell presence in tertiary lymphoid structures in human lung cancer","volume":"71","author":"de Chaisemartin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.70088","article-title":"T peripheral helper cells in lymphoid aggregate and tertiary lymphoid structure formation","volume":"337","author":"Sowerby","year":"2026","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01503-3","article-title":"Conserved stromal-immune cell circuits secure B cell homeostasis and function","volume":"24","author":"L\u00fctge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15072182","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes: Promising immunotherapeutic targets for primary liver cancer treatment","volume":"15","author":"Milardi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-23-0726","article-title":"Inflammation and immunity in liver neoplasms: Implications for future therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10177-8","article-title":"The characteristics of the immune cell profiles in peripheral blood in cholangiocarcinoma patients","volume":"15","author":"Kida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-023-00681-8","article-title":"The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in liver cancer","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Discov Oncol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-06011-9","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Treg\/Th17 according to cancer progression and modification in biliary tract cancers via self-producing cytokines","volume":"65","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29701-x","article-title":"Loss of vascular endothelial notch signaling promotes spontaneous formation of tertiary lymphoid structures","volume":"13","author":"Fleig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyae170","article-title":"FGFR2 fusion\/rearrangement is associated with favorable prognosis and immunoactivation in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004892","article-title":"Multimodule characterization of immune subgroups in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reveals distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-025-02320-1","article-title":"TP53 mutation predicts resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"61","author":"Inada","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326514","article-title":"Novel microenvironment-based classification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with therapeutic implications","volume":"72","author":"Martin-Serrano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.52553","article-title":"Development and validation of a machine learning model for detection and classification of tertiary lymphoid structures in gastrointestinal cancers","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-023-00421-7","article-title":"Multi-resolution deep learning characterizes tertiary lymphoid structures and their prognostic relevance in solid tumors","volume":"4","author":"van Rijthoven","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16162819","article-title":"Utility of transpapillary biopsy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition for comprehensive genome profiling of unresectable biliary tract cancer","volume":"16","author":"Fukuda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073887","article-title":"Machine learning-based characterization and identification of tertiary lymphoid structures using spatial transcriptomics data","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2025.2466308","article-title":"Spatial characterization of tertiary lymphoid structures as predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Ruiz-Torres","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-023-01527-1","article-title":"A CT-based radiomics approach to predict intra-tumoral tertiary lymphoid structures and recurrence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29128","article-title":"Association between MRI radiomics and intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and its prognostic significance","volume":"60","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.020","article-title":"Concordance of ctDNA and tissue genomic profiling in advanced biliary tract cancer","volume":"82","author":"Hwang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v17.i10.111367","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Applications and challenges","volume":"17","author":"Qiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-23-0486","article-title":"Reprogramming the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma immune microenvironment by chemotherapy and CTLA-4 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapy","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-026-11070-y","article-title":"Gemcitabine-cisplatin plus durvalumab in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Effectiveness outcomes and characterization of the tumor microenvironment","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-025-01058-2","article-title":"Cryoablation plus sintilimab and lenvatinib in advanced or metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A phase 2 trial","volume":"7","author":"Gu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.674375","article-title":"Therapeutic induction of tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer through stromal remodeling","volume":"12","author":"Johansson-Percival","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12987","article-title":"Stromal cells in tertiary lymphoid structures: Architects of autoimmunity","volume":"302","author":"Asam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413286","article-title":"Artificial tertiary lymphoid structures: Exploring mesenchymal stromal cells as a platform for immune niche formation","volume":"25","author":"Zubkova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.988","article-title":"Prediction of mismatch repair deficient biliary tract cancer: Role of morphological features and host immune response detected by routine hematoxylin-eosin staining","volume":"28","author":"Suda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1919543\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T11:39:18Z","timestamp":1787225958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1919543\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1919543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1919543","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"article-number":"1919543"}}