{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T15:59:04Z","timestamp":1790956744917,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT 2021-0820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2021-0820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Age-associated B cells (ABCs) have emerged as a distinct B cell population associated with aging, chronic inflammation, and autoimmunity. Notably, the expansion of ABC-like CD11c-expressing B cells has been observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in experimental models of lupus-like disease, suggesting their potential involvement in disease pathogenesis. Although their relevance in autoimmunity is increasingly appreciated, the identity and functional contribution of CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cell populations arising during chronic Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-driven immune activation remain incompletely defined. In this study, we investigated the role of CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD21\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD23\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells (hereafter DN CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells) in a lupus-like model induced by chronic activation of TLR7. Young female C57BL\/6 mice were treated with the TLR7 agonist imiquimod for 10 weeks, leading to systemic immune activation characterized by splenomegaly, elevated proinflammatory cytokines, anti-nuclear autoantibodies, and early renal alterations. This was accompanied by a marked remodeling of the B cell compartment, including expansion of non-canonical subsets, particularly DN CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells. Phenotypic analysis revealed that DN CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells exhibited an activated profile, with increased expression of T-bet, TLR7, costimulatory molecules, and activation-associated markers, as well as a higher proportion of class-switched cells. Functional assays demonstrated that DN CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells from imiquimod-treated mice were hyperresponsive to TLR7 stimulation. Furthermore, DN CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells were a major ex vivo source of autoreactive antibodies, including IgG directed against nuclear antigens, whereas conventional B cell subsets showed minimal contribution. In addition, DN CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells were detected in renal tissue prior to the development of overt pathology, suggesting a role in early tissue infiltration. Importantly, pharmacological activation of the adenosine A2A receptor preferentially reduced the frequency of DN CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells, autoantibody production, and immune cell infiltration, while largely sparing conventional B cell subsets. Collectively, these findings identify expanded and activated DN CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells as important effectors linking chronic innate immune activation to autoreactive humoral responses and highlight A2A receptor signaling as a potential strategy to selectively modulate pathogenic B cell responses in lupus-like autoimmunity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1920764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T06:00:14Z","timestamp":1786514414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronic TLR7 activation promotes expansion of activated CD11c+ double-negative B cells and autoreactive humoral responses in lupus-like autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fernando N.","family":"Ferreyra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence, Centro de Inmunolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica de C\u00f3rdoba (CICC)","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Almada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence, Centro de Inmunolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica de C\u00f3rdoba (CICC)","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria S.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence, Centro de Inmunolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica de C\u00f3rdoba (CICC)","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yair A.","family":"Chocobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence, Centro de Inmunolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica de C\u00f3rdoba (CICC)","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n D.","family":"Motrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence, Centro de Inmunolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica de C\u00f3rdoba (CICC)","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Mackern-Oberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina y Biolog\u00eda Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico (CCT) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)","place":["Mendoza, Argentina"]},{"name":"Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas","place":["Mendoza, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Gruppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence, Centro de Inmunolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica de C\u00f3rdoba (CICC)","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, 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