{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:13:12Z","timestamp":1788955992185,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with major adverse cardiovascular events that persist after adjustment for traditional risk factors. The cardiovascular phenotype extends beyond coronary atherosclerosis to involve microvasculature, carotid arteries, and a prothrombotic state. This review integrates preclinical and clinical evidence to delineate the mechanistic relationship between the inflamed skin and the vessel wall. Three converging mechanisms emerge by which skin-derived inflammation reaches the vasculature. The first is a cytokine and matrix-remodeling mechanism. This potentially involves both IL-17A\/IL-17F, acting via lysyl oxidase-dependent collagen crosslinking to entrap lipoproteins, and cutaneous IL-6, which serves as a link between skin inflammation and the prothrombotic state of the arterial wall. The second is a T cell-driven mechanism, in which skin-primed effector cells with vascular tropism act on the arterial endothelium and accumulate in atherosclerosis-prone vessels. The third is a myeloid and oxidative mechanism, fueled by inflammatory hematopoiesis and macrophage reprogramming. Across murine models, the cardiovascular phenotype appears more closely linked to the chronicity of inflammation than to the intensity of individual flares. Acute models generally fail to accelerate atherosclerosis, whereas genetic models that sustain chronic inflammation such as the K14-Rac1V12, KC-Tie2 and Card14-mutant models are associated with accelerated atherogenesis. Consistently, in patients, disease duration emerges as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1923150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:04:25Z","timestamp":1788955465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From skin to heart: a state-of-the-art perspective on psoriasis-driven cardiovascular comorbidities"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Spitilli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Reali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32549-6","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"397","author":"Griffiths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120225","article-title":"Immunology of psoriasis","volume":"32","author":"Lowes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804595","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"361","author":"Nestle","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043430","article-title":"Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease","volume":"352","author":"Hansson","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.14.1735","article-title":"Risk of myocardial infarction in patients with psoriasis","volume":"296","author":"Gelfand","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp567","article-title":"Patients with severe psoriasis are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality: Cohort study using the general practice research database","volume":"31","author":"Mehta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.113.000062","article-title":"Psoriasis and major adverse cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"2","author":"Armstrong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.63379","article-title":"The association between psoriasis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"16","author":"Osigwe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.02.009","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in patients with psoriasis: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"77","author":"Garshick","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.038882","article-title":"Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with psoriasis: A multicenter study","volume":"14","author":"Compagnucci","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa033","article-title":"Underperformance of clinical risk scores in identifying imaging-based high cardiovascular risk in psoriasis: Results from two observational cohorts","volume":"29","author":"Gonzalez-Cantero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.06.028","article-title":"The relationship between duration of psoriasis, vascular inflammation, and cardiovascular events","volume":"77","author":"Egeberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01261.x","article-title":"The 'psoriatic march': A concept of how severe psoriasis may drive cardiovascular comorbidity","volume":"20","author":"Boehncke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","article-title":"Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease","volume":"377","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.10.006","article-title":"Interleukin-17 drives interstitial entrapment of tissue lipoproteins in experimental psoriasis","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.09.021","article-title":"Antagonization of IL-17A attenuates skin inflammation and vascular dysfunction in mouse models of psoriasis","volume":"139","author":"Sch\u00fcler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901126","article-title":"Inhibition of IL-17A attenuates atherosclerotic lesion development in ApoE-deficient mice","volume":"183","author":"Erbel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.109.924886","article-title":"Blockade of interleukin-17A results in reduced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"121","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111617","article-title":"Amelioration of systemic amyloidosis by blocking IL-17A and not by IL-17F, and arteriosclerosis by blocking both IL-17A and IL-17F in an inflammatory skin mouse model","volume":"25","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1949","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species produced by myeloid cells in psoriasis as a potential biofactor contributing to the development of vascular inflammation","volume":"49","author":"Schaller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1574455","article-title":"Highly differentiated T cells link systemic and vascular inflammation in a mouse model of recurrent psoriasis","volume":"16","author":"Casciano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.12.017","article-title":"CXCR3 in T cell function","volume":"317","author":"Groom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1353-6","article-title":"Pathogenic roles of CXCL10 signaling through CXCR3 and TLR4 in macrophages and T cells: Relevance for arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.89384","article-title":"Interleukin 6 regulates psoriasiform inflammation-associated thrombosis","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-024-01259-7","article-title":"IL-6 and cardiovascular risk: A narrative review","volume":"27","author":"Mehta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.11.008","article-title":"Th9-arterial endothelial cell crosstalk promotes psoriatic atherosclerosis","author":"Baral","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0590-4","article-title":"Single-cell immune landscape of human atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"25","author":"Fernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.97179","article-title":"Chronic skin inflammation accelerates macrophage cholesterol crystal formation and atherosclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Baumer","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.123960","article-title":"Glycoprotein Ib-CD11b + monocyte-derived macrophages mediate atherosclerosis-exacerbated psoriatic inflammation","volume":"380","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1372303","article-title":"Exploration of ferroptosis and necroptosis-related genes and potential molecular mechanisms in psoriasis and atherosclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-022-01684-0","article-title":"Elevated cholesteryl ester transfer and phospholipid transfer proteins aggravated psoriasis in imiquimod-induced mouse models","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.05.115","article-title":"Characterization of PCSK9 in the blood and skin of psoriasis","volume":"141","author":"Garshick","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.02.018","article-title":"Psoriasis-like inflammation leads to renal dysfunction via upregulation of NADPH oxidases and inducible nitric oxide synthase","volume":"46","author":"Al-Harbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-025-05215-0","article-title":"Galium verum L. extract mitigates cardiovascular events in psoriasis rats","volume":"480","author":"Corbic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.02.005","article-title":"Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions do not accelerate atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice","volume":"188","author":"Madsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12895-016-0046-1","article-title":"Effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions on systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic apolipoprotein E deficient mice","volume":"16","author":"Madsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Dermatol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.575577","article-title":"The role of T cells reactive to the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in acute coronary syndrome and plaque calcification","volume":"11","author":"Chernomordik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.09.005","article-title":"Reevaluating the imiquimod model: A barrier to translational progress in psoriasis","volume":"146","author":"Smith","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.09.069","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue volume is greater in men with severe psoriasis, implying an increased cardiovascular disease risk: A cross-sectional study","volume":"86","author":"Ellis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-025-00996-y","article-title":"Cardiovascular imaging in psoriasis: A critical review of current evidence, techniques, and therapeutic implications","volume":"27","author":"Tartaglia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.08.027","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue inflammation can cause the distinctive pattern of cardiovascular disorders seen in psoriasis","volume":"133","author":"Packer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-024-00532-x","article-title":"Tissue-resident memory T cells in epicardial adipose tissue comprise transcriptionally distinct subsets that are modulated in atrial fibrillation","volume":"3","author":"Vyas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21379","article-title":"Survival of tissue-resident memory T cells requires exogenous lipid uptake and metabolism","volume":"543","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.194171","article-title":"Cutaneous adipose tissue carries a strong inflammatory signature in patients with psoriasis","volume":"11","author":"Shishido-Takahashi","year":"2026","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.05.041","article-title":"Adipose tissue macrophage-derived proplatelet basic protein exacerbates psoriasis-associated atherosclerosis by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in aortic endothelial cells","volume":"146","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.116796","article-title":"Systemic inflammation-induced adipose tissue remodeling drives psoriasis exacerbation in obesity through epigenetic and immunometabolic dysregulation","volume":"15","author":"Jang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.116.026859","article-title":"Coronary plaque characterization in psoriasis reveals high-risk features that improve after treatment in a prospective observational study","volume":"136","author":"Lerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210390","article-title":"Increased prevalence of coronary plaque in patients with psoriatic arthritis without prior diagnosis of coronary artery disease","volume":"76","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.2769","article-title":"Association between aortic vascular inflammation and coronary artery plaque characteristics in psoriasis","volume":"3","author":"Joshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.2868","article-title":"Psoriasis and atherosclerotic CV disease-risk factor or risk marker","volume":"9","author":"Garshick","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.119","article-title":"Systemic and vascular inflammation in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis as measured by [18f]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (fdg-pet\/ct): a pilot study","volume":"147","author":"Mehta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.115.306460","article-title":"Severity of psoriasis associates with aortic vascular inflammation detected by fdg pet\/ct and neutrophil activation in a prospective observational study","volume":"35","author":"Naik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.1213","article-title":"Association between skin and aortic vascular inflammation in patients with psoriasis: a case-cohort study using positron emission tomography\/computed tomography","volume":"2","author":"Dey","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz009","article-title":"Coronary artery plaque characteristics and treatment with biologic therapy in severe psoriasis: results from a prospective observational study","volume":"115","author":"Elnabawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.120.011199","article-title":"Treatment of psoriasis with biologic therapy is associated with improvement of coronary artery plaque lipid-rich necrotic core: results from a prospective, observational study","volume":"13","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.1984","article-title":"Association between changes in coronary artery disease progression and treatment with biologic agents for severe psoriasis","volume":"152","author":"Hjuler","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.2589","article-title":"Association of biologic therapy with coronary inflammation in patients with psoriasis as assessed by perivascular fat attenuation index","volume":"4","author":"Elnabawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00139","article-title":"Immune-mediated inflammation promotes subclinical atherosclerosis in recent-onset psoriatic arthritis patients without conventional cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"9","author":"Kolliker Frers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.02.037","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with severe psoriasis","volume":"143","author":"Piaserico","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13235","article-title":"Relation between endothelial progenitor cells and arterial stiffness in patients with psoriasis","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.909760","article-title":"Pet\/ct-based characterization of 18f-fdg uptake in various tissues reveals novel potential contributions to coronary artery disease in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Schwartz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.008","article-title":"Heightened splenic and bone marrow uptake of (18)f-fdg pet\/ct is associated with systemic inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis by ccta in psoriasis: an observational study","volume":"339","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.08.014","article-title":"Visceral adiposity in psoriasis is associated with vascular inflammation by (18)f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography\/computed tomography beyond cardiometabolic disease risk factors in an observational cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Rivers","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.142534","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in psoriasis promotes visceral adiposity associated with noncalcified coronary burden over time","volume":"5","author":"Sajja","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.10.031","article-title":"Abdominal visceral adiposity is associated with coronary artery plaque lipid-rich necrotic core partly mediated by bone marrow uptake of (18)f-fdg positron emission tomography\/computed tomography in psoriasis","volume":"142","author":"Manyak","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2021.100231","article-title":"Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue negatively associates with subclinical coronary artery disease in men with psoriasis","volume":"8","author":"Teklu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.01.044","article-title":"The relationship between circulating apoa-1 and atherosclerosis initiation and progression in psoriasis","volume":"143","author":"Teague","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.118.313608","article-title":"Association between oxidation-modified lipoproteins and coronary plaque in psoriasis","volume":"123","author":"Sorokin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci172578","article-title":"Increased ll37 in psoriasis and other inflammatory disorders promotes ldl uptake and atherosclerosis","volume":"134","author":"Nakamura","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.916701","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in psoriasis is associated with upregulation of cxcl16 on monocytes and a dysbalance in innate lymphoid cells","volume":"13","author":"Schielke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.12.044","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and its factors are associated with noncalcified coronary burden in psoriasis: an observational cohort study","volume":"84","author":"Teklu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.08.027","article-title":"Association of the triglyceride glucose index with insulin resistance and subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriasis: an observational cohort study","volume":"88","author":"O'Hagan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.116.309637","article-title":"Glyca is a novel biomarker of inflammation and subclinical cardiovascular disease in psoriasis","volume":"119","author":"Joshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.031227","article-title":"Relationship of soluble lectin-like low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (slox-1) with inflammation and coronary plaque progression in psoriasis","volume":"12","author":"Florida","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.05.1085","article-title":"Association of s100a8\/a9 with lipid-rich necrotic core and treatment with biologic therapy in patients with psoriasis: results from an observational cohort study","volume":"142","author":"Berg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.10.094","article-title":"Ccl20 in psoriasis: a potential biomarker of disease severity, inflammation, and impaired vascular health","volume":"84","author":"Elnabawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2020.12.006","article-title":"Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with non-calcified coronary artery burden in psoriasis: findings from an observational cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Dey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.02.015","article-title":"Monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio is associated with systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and coronary subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriasis: results from 2 observational cohorts","volume":"144","author":"Berna-Rico","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2018.10.008","article-title":"Neutrophil subsets, platelets, and vascular disease in psoriasis","volume":"4","author":"Teague","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178118","article-title":"Transcriptomic identification of immune-related hubs as candidate predictor biomarkers of therapeutic response in psoriasis","volume":"26","author":"Cant\u00f3","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40366","article-title":"Association of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor treatment with reduced indices of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic disease","volume":"70","author":"Eder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105485","article-title":"Biological, as opposed to classic antipsoriatic drug or apremilast, treatment mitigates the risk of death and cardiovascular disease in psoriasis","volume":"111","author":"Kridin","year":"2025","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.036","article-title":"Treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors restores coronary microvascular function in young patients with severe psoriasis","volume":"251","author":"Piaserico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2019.06.021","article-title":"Effects of interleukin 17a inhibition on myocardial deformation and vascular function in psoriasis","volume":"36","author":"Makavos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40695","article-title":"Effect of achieving minimal disease activity on the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness: a prospective cohort study in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"71","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.117.007394","article-title":"Effect of 2 psoriasis treatments on vascular inflammation and novel inflammatory cardiovascular biomarkers: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Mehta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.01.025","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled trial of secukinumab on aortic vascular inflammation in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (vip-s)","volume":"140","author":"Gelfand","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.3862","article-title":"Association of apremilast with vascular inflammation and cardiometabolic function in patients with psoriasis: the vip-a phase 4, open-label, nonrandomized clinical trial","volume":"158","author":"Gelfand","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.043","article-title":"Self-reported depression in psoriasis is associated with subclinical vascular diseases","volume":"251","author":"Aberra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.07.012","article-title":"Relationship between chronic stress-related neural activity, physiological dysregulation and coronary artery disease in psoriasis: findings from a longitudinal observational cohort study","volume":"310","author":"Lateef","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2025.119244","article-title":"Association of lipoprotein(a) with cardiovascular events among individuals with autoimmune conditions","volume":"406","author":"Alebna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-220168","article-title":"Targeted metabolomic profiling and prediction of cardiovascular events: a prospective study of patients with psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis","volume":"80","author":"Colaco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1923150\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:04:27Z","timestamp":1788955467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1923150\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1923150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1923150","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"article-number":"1923150"}}