{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T17:02:11Z","timestamp":1793898131366,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82502436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82502436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YDZJ202601ZYTS590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202601ZYTS590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype characterized by high invasiveness, frequent recurrence, and metastasis, along with limited targeted therapeutic options. Despite clinical advances achieved with immune checkpoint inhibitors, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates, the complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of TNBC hinders drug delivery and compromises the efficacy of immunotherapy. Multiple adverse features of the TME, including impaired tumor immunogenicity, dysfunctional antigen presentation, dense extracellular matrix barriers, abundant immunosuppressive cell populations, metabolic reprogramming, hypoxia, and acidification, collectively contribute to immunotherapy resistance. Polymer-based drug delivery systems (PBDS), with tunable physicochemical properties, structural versatility, high drug-loading capacity, and responsiveness to TME-associated stimuli, have emerged as promising platforms for remodeling the TNBC TME. These polymeric carriers can achieve tumor enrichment, enable controlled release, improve deep tissue penetration, and facilitate co-delivery of multiple therapeutic agents to exert synergistic effects. In this review, we adopt a barrier-to-design framework that directly links the major immunosuppressive barriers of the TNBC TME to corresponding polymer-engineering strategies. Unlike carrier-centered reviews that primarily catalog\u00a0nanomaterial classes, we critically compare stimuli-responsive activation, sequential release, biomimetic targeting, local hydrogel depots, spatial targeting and multifunctional co-delivery according to their mechanistic rationale, preclinical evidence, model dependence, safety and translational feasibility. We further discuss subtype- and biomarker-informed patient selection, design requirements for primary tumors, tumor-draining lymph nodes and metastatic niches, and the need to balance multifunctionality against manufacturability. This framework provides a clinically oriented roadmap for developing barrier-matched PBDS as rational partners for TNBC immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1927103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:28:06Z","timestamp":1790155686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Advancements in polymer-based drug delivery systems targeting the tumor microenvironment for immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhenxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-025-02022-4","article-title":"Smart nanocarriers in triple-negative breast cancer: Recent advances in targeting and translational application","volume":"16","author":"Mishra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Delivery Transl Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.3056","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"331","author":"Leon-Ferre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00565-2","article-title":"Treatment landscape of triple-negative breast cancer - Expanded options, evolving needs","volume":"19","author":"Bianchini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06498-3","article-title":"Spatial predictors of immunotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"621","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-071674","article-title":"Advances in systemic therapies for triple negative breast cancer","volume":"381","author":"Leon-Ferre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02176-8","article-title":"Pd-1\/Pd-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer: Research insights and sensitization strategies","volume":"23","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00714-6","article-title":"Towards targeting the breast cancer immune microenvironment","volume":"24","author":"Harris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-01990-4","article-title":"Modulation of the tumor microenvironment and mechanism of immunotherapy-based drug resistance in breast cancer","volume":"23","author":"Kundu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01649-z","article-title":"Current and future immunotherapy for breast cancer","volume":"17","author":"Heater","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-024-00704-9","article-title":"Immunotherapy for hormone receptor\u2013positive Her2-negative breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"Cardoso","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03045-2","article-title":"Metabolic support of tumour-infiltrating regulatory T cells by lactic acid","volume":"591","author":"Watson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122910","article-title":"A size-switchable nanocluster remodels the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumor and tumor-draining lymph nodes for improved cancer immunotherapy","volume":"315","author":"Tong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101880","article-title":"Endocrine-targeting therapies shift the breast microbiome to reduce estrogen receptor-\u03b1; breast cancer risk","volume":"6","author":"Arnone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-025-00810-2","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in gut microbiota composition during endocrine therapy in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients","volume":"11","author":"Tsai","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7874","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-91734-1","article-title":"The gut microbiota during tamoxifen therapy in patients with breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Hillege","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202308639","article-title":"Nanotechnology applications in breast cancer immunotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-025-00847-2","article-title":"Advancing engineering design strategies for targeted cancer nanomedicine","volume":"25","author":"Gomerdinger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c03305","article-title":"Pirfenidone-loaded polymeric micelles as an effective mechanotherapeutic to potentiate immunotherapy in mouse tumor models","volume":"17","author":"Mpekris","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.3c00523","article-title":"Gsh-responsive polymeric micelles for remodeling the tumor microenvironment to improve chemotherapy and inhibit metastasis in breast cancer","volume":"24","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202307818","article-title":"An \u201cand\u201d logic-gated prodrug micelle locally stimulates antitumor immunity","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073295","article-title":"Pd-L1-targeting nanoparticles for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer: A preclinical model","volume":"26","author":"Nevala","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c08922","article-title":"Glycopolymeric nanoparticles enrich less immunogenic protein coronas, reduce mononuclear phagocyte clearance, and improve tumor delivery compared to pegylated nanoparticles","volume":"18","author":"Hulugalla","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45254-7","article-title":"Regulating protein corona on nanovesicles by glycosylated polyhydroxy polymer modification for efficient drug delivery","volume":"15","author":"Miao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01594-9","article-title":"Nanoparticles carrying paclitaxel and anti-mir-221 for breast cancer therapy triggered by ultrasound","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-024-00859-1","article-title":"Dendritic cells as orchestrators of anticancer immunity and immunotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Heras-Murillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.02.006","article-title":"High tumor mutation burden fails to predict immune checkpoint blockade response across all cancer types","volume":"32","author":"McGrail","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-025-01045-x","article-title":"Genomic characterization of tumor mutational burden-high breast carcinomas","volume":"9","author":"Vougiouklakis","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52577-y","article-title":"Tumor draining lymph nodes connected to cold triple-negative breast cancers are characterized by Th2-associated microenvironment","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114470","article-title":"Boronate-crosslinked hydrogel enables localized chemoimmunotherapy to remodel the immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"389","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202406662","article-title":"Engineering semiconducting polymeric nanoagonists potentiate cgas-sting pathway activation and elicit long term memory against recurrence in breast cancer","volume":"37","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13092213","article-title":"Neoantigen-driven immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: Emerging strategies and clinical potential","volume":"13","author":"Shatalov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00787-3","article-title":"Dendritic cell maturation in cancer","volume":"25","author":"Moon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1393451","article-title":"Dendritic cell subsets and implications for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202401749","article-title":"Multifunctional nanovaccine sensitizes breast cancer to immune checkpoint therapy","volume":"34","author":"Peres","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202403663","article-title":"Dual adjuvant-loaded peptide antigen self-assembly potentiates dendritic cell-mediated tumor immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02566-x","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts in cancer drug resistance and cancer progression: A review","volume":"11","author":"Masuda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.01.086","article-title":"Polymer-based nanodrugs enhance sonodynamic therapy through epigenetic reprogramming of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment","volume":"380","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.01.001","article-title":"Sensory neurons drive immune exclusion by stimulating a dense extracellular matrix in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment","volume":"189","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00775-4","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages restrict Cd8+ T cell function through collagen deposition and metabolic reprogramming of the breast cancer microenvironment","volume":"5","author":"Tharp","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-0426","article-title":"Senescent cafs mediate immunosuppression and drive breast cancer progression","volume":"14","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113786","article-title":"Targeting tumor extracellular matrix with nanoparticles to circumvent therapeutic resistance","volume":"383","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8514","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52553-6","article-title":"Caspase-1-dependent spatiality in triple-negative breast cancer and response to immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-07370-w","article-title":"Recent progress in immune evasion mechanisms of triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01232-z","article-title":"Targeting of tams: Can we be more clever than cancer cells","volume":"21","author":"Kzhyshkowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.02.016","article-title":"The evolving tumor microenvironment: From cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth","volume":"41","author":"de Visser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-00860-4","article-title":"Responses to checkpoint inhibition in metastatic triple negative breast cancer driven by divergent myeloid phenotypes","volume":"5","author":"Wilkerson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun Med"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37727-y","article-title":"Targeting Cxcl16 and Stat1 augments immune checkpoint blockade therapy in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Palakurthi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48637-y","article-title":"C5ar1 inhibition reprograms tumor associated macrophages and reverses parp inhibitor resistance in breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35238-w","article-title":"A comprehensive single-cell map of T cell exhaustion-associated immune environments in human breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Tietscher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-025-06056-2","article-title":"Ca9+\u2009cancer-associated fibroblasts cooperate with Spp1+\u2009tumor-associated macrophages driving immune resistance in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"83","author":"Ma","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-24-3283","article-title":"Proliferation of tumor-related regulatory T cells in circulation dictates efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"31","author":"Jeon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02082-x","article-title":"Lactate and lactylation in cancer","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduction Targeted Ther"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1563303","article-title":"Impact of lactate on immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2026.127113","article-title":"Construction of psoralen \u2013 loaded targeted polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced anti - triple negative breast cancer efficacy via modulation of tumor associated macrophages in vitro","volume":"701","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.01.009","article-title":"Metabolic programming and immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"41","author":"Arner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202413457","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment on-a-chip and single-cell analysis reveal synergistic stromal-immune crosstalk on breast cancer progression","volume":"12","author":"Ravi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02258-1","article-title":"Lipid metabolic reprograming: The unsung hero in breast cancer progression and tumor microenvironment","volume":"24","author":"Wan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.03.002","article-title":"Tumor-derived arachidonic acid reprograms neutrophils to promote immune suppression and therapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"58","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202308945","article-title":"Loss of Ovol2 in triple-negative breast cancer promotes fatty acid oxidation fueling stemness characteristics","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13080577","article-title":"Targeting hypoxia and Hif1\u03b1 in triple-negative breast cancer: New insights from gene expression profiling and implications for therapy","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol (Basel)"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010151","article-title":"Hypoxia upregulates the expression of Pd-L1 via Npm1 in breast cancer","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4118","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31764-9","article-title":"Hypoxia induces Hif1\u03b1-dependent epigenetic vulnerability in triple negative breast cancer to confer immune effector dysfunction and resistance to anti-Pd-1 immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13010070","article-title":"The multifaceted roles of Nrf2 in cancer: Friend or foe","volume":"13","author":"Glorieux","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c01336","article-title":"Targeted polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery to hypoxic, triple-negative breast tumors","volume":"4","author":"Mamnoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl Bio Mater"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smaim.2025.07.004","article-title":"Nanoparticles in cancer therapy: Strategies to penetrate and modulate the tumor microenvironment \u2013 a review","volume":"6","author":"Minh Hoang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Smart Mater Med"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202413603","article-title":"Advanced polymeric nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy: Materials engineering, immunotherapeutic mechanism and clinical translation","volume":"37","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c01485","article-title":"Improved control of triple-negative breast cancer tumor and metastasis with a Ph-sensitive hyaluronic acid nanocarrier for doxorubicin delivery","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114017","article-title":"Irinotecan and dexamethasone prodrug co-loaded liposomes for the treatment of breast cancer","volume":"385","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122763","article-title":"A cuproptosis-based nanomedicine suppresses triple negative breast cancers by regulating tumor microenvironment and eliminating cancer stem cells","volume":"313","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00009","article-title":"Cancer cell membrane wrapped nanoparticles for the delivery of a Bcl-2 inhibitor to triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"20","author":"Scully","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbad029","article-title":"68ga-labeled amphiphilic polymer nanoparticles for pet imaging of sentinel lymph node metastasis","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Regener Biomater"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2024.104389","article-title":"A review concerning the breast cancer-related tumour microenvironment","volume":"199","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Bejarano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncology\/Hematology"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.06.011","article-title":"Self-assembled nanoplatforms for cancer immunotherapy: Principles, progress and perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137208","article-title":"Breast cancer treatment strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment: How to convert \u201ccold\u201d tumors to \u201chot\u201d tumors","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123735","article-title":"Lymph node targeting nanomedicines for tumor immunotherapy","volume":"327","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-025-01000-6","article-title":"Enhancing immunotherapy with tumour-responsive nanomaterials","volume":"22","author":"Linderman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16060795","article-title":"Nano-delivery of immunogenic cell death inducers and immune checkpoint blockade agents: Single-nanostructure strategies for enhancing immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Moon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01482-1","article-title":"Comprehensive review of drug-mediated Icd inhibition of breast cancer: Mechanism, status, and prospects","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2025.100466","article-title":"Polymeric particle-based antigen delivery system: From immunological engineering to clinical translation","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Pharm X"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202411361","article-title":"Personalized multi-epitope nanovaccine unlocks B cell-mediated multiple pathways of antitumor immunity","volume":"37","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-020-00781-4","article-title":"A general strategy towards personalized nanovaccines based on fluoropolymers for post-surgical cancer immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/research.1139","article-title":"Dual-pronged lipid nanocarriers promote immunotherapy for Tnbc by inducing immunogenic cell death and activating lymphoid immune cells","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2026","journal-title":"Res (Wash D C)"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03464-1","article-title":"A minimalist self-assembly nanosystem for cancer immunotherapy via multiple immune activation","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16060843","article-title":"Polymer-based drug delivery systems for cancer therapeutics","volume":"16","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34744-1","article-title":"Polymeric micelles effectively reprogram the tumor microenvironment to potentiate nano-immunotherapy in mouse breast cancer models","volume":"13","author":"Panagi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajps.2023.100796","article-title":"Relaxin-encapsulated polymeric metformin nanoparticles remodel tumor immune microenvironment by reducing Cafs for efficient triple-negative breast cancer immunotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2020.101038","article-title":"Gain an advantage from both sides: Smart size-shrinkable drug delivery nanosystems for high accumulation and deep penetration","volume":"36","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c18184","article-title":"Enzyme-triggered size-switchable nanosystem for deep tumor penetration and hydrogen therapy","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl Materials Interfaces"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125190","article-title":"Fap-targeting biomimetic nanosystem to restore the activated cancer-associated fibroblasts to quiescent state for breast cancer radiotherapy","volume":"670","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2024.100294","article-title":"Development of cancer-associated fibroblasts-targeting polymeric nanoparticles loaded with 8-O-methylfusarubin for breast cancer treatment","volume":"8","author":"Rodponthukwaji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Pharm X"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123679","article-title":"Precision targeted cancer-associated fibroblast nano-regulator enhanced chemo-immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"326","author":"Xian","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122750","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment immunomodulation by nanoformulated Tlr 7\/8 agonist and Pi3k delta inhibitor enhances therapeutic benefits of radiotherapy","volume":"312","author":"Yazdimamaghani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-025-10001-1","article-title":"Targeted nanoparticle delivery system for tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming to enhance Tnbc therapy","volume":"41","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biol Toxicol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c05497","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages regulating a polymer nanoplatform for synergistic treatment of breast tumors","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01842-1","article-title":"Efficient tumor synergistic chemoimmunotherapy by self-augmented Ros-responsive immunomodulatory polymeric nanodrug","volume":"21","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113001","article-title":"Rhein and hesperidin nanoparticles remodel tumor immune microenvironment by reducing Cafs and Ccl2 secreted by Caas for efficient triple-negative breast cancer therapy","volume":"141","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2026.103049","article-title":"A violet phosphorus-engineered immunogel for combating Tnbc progression via tumor microenvironment remodeling","volume":"69","author":"Mei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2025.07.021","article-title":"One-stone-three-birds strategy: A graphdiyne oxide nanosheet-involved drug-formed immune-boosting hydrogel with dual responsivity for triple-modal cancer immunotherapy","volume":"89","author":"Mei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater Today"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1573039","article-title":"Lactate-mediated metabolic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages: Implications for tumor progression and therapeutic potential","volume":"16","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-024-04122-5","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment\u2013responsive nanoformulations for breast cancer","volume":"19","author":"Velapure","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discover Nano"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42883-2","article-title":"Inhibition of glycolysis-driven immunosuppression with a nano-assembly enhances response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in triple negative breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.S418100","article-title":"Co-delivery nanomicelles for potentiating tnbc immunotherapy by synergetically reshaping cafs-mediated tumor stroma and reprogramming immunosuppressive microenvironment","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.144271","article-title":"Effective drug and shrna delivery for synergistic treatment of triple-negative breast cancer by sequentially targeting tumor hypoxia","volume":"470","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03236-x","article-title":"Multidimensional applications of prussian blue-based nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.02.022","article-title":"Bioactive metallic nanoparticles for synergistic cancer immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-025-00731-0","article-title":"Population-specific patterns in assessing molecular subtypes of young black females with triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"11","author":"Rajagopal","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-026-02285-w","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: molecular mechanisms, spatial regulation, and therapeutic implications","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-025-01025-x","article-title":"Nanotechnology for immuno-oncology","volume":"6","author":"Grippin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-025-00358-7","article-title":"Targeting metastasis with nanomedicine","volume":"4","author":"Pallares","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Bioeng"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02368-w","article-title":"Nanomedicine in Cancer Therapeutics: Current Perspectives from Bench to Bedside","volume":"24","author":"Abdullah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecular Cancer"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23244-3","article-title":"Plga-particle vaccine carrying tlr3\/rig-i ligand riboxxim synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade for effective anti-cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Koerner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.07.056","article-title":"Identification of a novel dec-205 binding peptide to develop dendritic cell-targeting nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"373","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2023.01.014","article-title":"Co-delivery of gemcitabine and paclitaxel plus nanocpg empowers chemoimmunotherapy of postoperative cold triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"25","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.12.002","article-title":"Micellar paclitaxel boosts icd and chemo-immunotherapy of metastatic triple negative breast cancer","volume":"341","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-026-00910-7","article-title":"Programmable local immunochemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer via spatiotemporally controlled release of cpg oligodeoxynucleotides, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel","volume":"12","author":"Hsieh","year":"2026","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-023-01447-7","article-title":"Investigation of the enhanced antitumour potency of sting agonist after conjugation to polymer nanoparticles","volume":"18","author":"Dosta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101797","article-title":"A dual-sting-activating nanosystem expands cancer immunotherapeutic temporal window","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-026-02130-3","article-title":"And logic nanoparticle for precision immunotherapy of metastatic cancers","volume":"21","author":"Ye","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202300299","article-title":"Polyoxazoline-based nanovaccine synergizes with tumor-associated macrophage targeting and anti-pd-1 immunotherapy against solid tumors","volume":"10","author":"Matos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4783","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59977-8","article-title":"Neoantigen enriched biomimetic nanovaccine for personalized cancer immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-025-02113-w","article-title":"Biomimetic vesicles engineered from modified tumour cells act as personalized vaccines for post-surgical cancer immunotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.122417","article-title":"Dual targeting of fap-directed nanoparticles and fralpha-specific car-t cells induces additive anti-tumor effects in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"22","author":"Thongkleang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.08.009","article-title":"Photothermal\/matrix metalloproteinase-2 dual-responsive gelatin nanoparticles for breast cancer treatment","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.11.026","article-title":"Dual-responsive nanoparticles for enhanced drug delivery in breast cancer chemotherapy","volume":"377","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c01499","article-title":"Breaking physical barrier of fibrotic breast cancer for photodynamic immunotherapy by remodeling tumor extracellular matrix and reprogramming cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"18","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01332","article-title":"Collagen-binding nanoparticles for paclitaxel encapsulation and breast cancer treatment","volume":"9","author":"Passos","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Biomaterials Sci Eng"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-31485-1","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid-chitosan conjugated plga nanoparticles for dual chemo-photothermal therapy of triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-026-07017-2","article-title":"M1 macrophage membrane-engineered plga nanoparticles reprogram m2 tumor-associated macrophages to enhance anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer","volume":"37","author":"Katebi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Mater Sci - Mater Med"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10118-022-2831-0","article-title":"A redox-responsive prodrug nanogel of tlr7\/8 agonist for improved cancer immunotherapy","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Polym Sci"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1334800","article-title":"Polymeric nanocapsules loaded with poly(i:c) and resiquimod to reprogram tumor-associated macrophages for the treatment of solid tumors","volume":"14","author":"Anfray","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100482","article-title":"Precise delivery of doxorubicin and imiquimod through ph-responsive tumor microenvironment-active targeting micelles for chemo- and immunotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2019.01.018","article-title":"Multifunctional polymeric micelle-based chemo-immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade for efficient treatment of orthotopic and metastatic breast cancer","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.101884","article-title":"High-dose paclitaxel and its combination with csf1r inhibitor in polymeric micelles for chemoimmunotherapy of triple negative breast cancer","volume":"51","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112759","article-title":"Hesperidin plga nanoparticles potentiate the efficacy of apd-1 in treating triple negative breast cancer by regulating ccl2 and adpn expression in cancer-associated adipocytes","volume":"140","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202404184","article-title":"Hybrid cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for synergizing sonodynamic therapy and immunotherapy against triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Gong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Healthcare Mater"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.12.022","article-title":"Site-specific controlled-release nanoparticles for immune reprogramming via dual metabolic inhibition against triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"366","author":"She","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120847","article-title":"Tumor hypoxia-activated combinatorial nanomedicine triggers systemic antitumor immunity to effectively eradicate advanced breast cancer","volume":"273","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2024.114260","article-title":"Development of a sequential release nanomaterial for co-delivery of hypoxia-induced tirapazamine and hif-1alpha sirna in cancer therapy","volume":"245","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4tb02142h","article-title":"Precision targeting of fat metabolism in triple negative breast cancer with a biotinylated copolymer","volume":"13","author":"Ruidas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113601","article-title":"Multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated targeting of metabolic reprogramming and dna damage response pathways to treat drug-resistant triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"381","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.03.024","article-title":"Self-assembly of cxcr4 antagonist peptide-docetaxel conjugates for breast tumor multi-organ metastasis inhibition","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c23737","article-title":"Hypoxia-responsive stereocomplex polymeric micelles with improved drug loading inhibit breast cancer metastasis in an orthotopic murine model","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl Materials Interfaces"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12122676","article-title":"Polymeric nanoparticles potentiate the anticancer activity of novel pi3kalpha inhibitors against triple-negative breast cancer cells","volume":"12","author":"Sunoqrot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4PM00158C","article-title":"Macauba oil carried by polymeric micelles reduces migration and proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells","volume":"1","author":"Aleixo","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11278","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61640-z","article-title":"Luminal androgen receptor subtype and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes groups based on triple-negative breast cancer molecular subclassification","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27115040","article-title":"Beyond molecular classification in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: toward subtype-guided precision oncology","volume":"27","author":"Pekarek","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262211211","article-title":"Dissecting the non-immune tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer: molecular subtype-specific patterns and prognostic implications","volume":"26","author":"Syrnioti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-24-0316","article-title":"Surrogate molecular classification of lar breast cancer in routine workflow","volume":"32","author":"Rangel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocrine-Related Cancer"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.2016911","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1927103\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:11:21Z","timestamp":1792149081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1927103\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":148,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1927103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1927103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"article-number":"1927103"}}