{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T06:27:52Z","timestamp":1786343272946,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015406","name":"Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25JCLZJC00080, 25JCLMJC01130, 25JCLZJC00270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JCLZJC00080, 25JCLMJC01130, 25JCLZJC00270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZD0525700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD0525700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82403319, 82573681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82403319, 82573681"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2507003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2507003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PD-1 based immunochemotherapy has improved bladder cancer (BC) outcomes, yet individual responses remain heterogeneous. Low-cost, non-invasive predictive biomarkers are urgently needed. Urinary protein semi-quantification (UPSQ) correlates with BC tumor load, but its predictive value during PD-1 based immunochemotherapy remains unclear. We conducted a\n                      <jats:italic>post-hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      analysis of the TRUCE-01 (NCT04730219) and TRUCE-02 (NCT04730232) trials to explore the association between UPSQ and clinical outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>104 patients received 3 cycles of tislelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel. UPSQ at baseline (UP-B) and 60\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07 days (UP-60) after treatment initiation, urinary red blood cell (URBC) and urinary white blood cell (UWBC) were dynamically detected. Dynamic indices (UPDV score, UPV risk stratification) were defined to evaluate UPSQ changes. The primary endpoint was clinical complete response (cCR), and the secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and events-free survival (EFS). Bulk RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis was performed in 22 MIBC patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      UPSQ decreased significantly at 60 days in the overall cohort and subgroups (all p &amp;lt; 0.05). Baseline URBC and UWBC were positively correlated with UPSQ, while tumor size was positively associated with UPSQ in MIBC patients. In regression analyses, several indicators reached nominal significance (\n                      <jats:italic>unadjusted p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05), but failed to remain significant (\n                      <jats:italic>adjusted p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt; 0.05) after Benjamini-Hochberg correction due to limited sample size. Low UPV risk was correlated with a significantly higher cCR rate in both MIBC (OR 12.5,\n                      <jats:italic>unadjusted p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.003,\n                      <jats:italic>adjusted p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.055) and VHR-NMIBC (OR 3.47,\n                      <jats:italic>unadjusted p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.031,\n                      <jats:italic>adjusted p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.177) subgroups. UP-B grade showed a trend toward an inverse association with cCR (OR 0.48,\n                      <jats:italic>unadjusted p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.028,\n                      <jats:italic>adjusted p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.085) and OS (HR 1.70,\n                      <jats:italic>unadjusted p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.045,\n                      <jats:italic>adjusted p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.181) in the MIBC subgroup after multivariate adjustment. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that MIBC patients with high UP-B grade may exhibit a more aggressive tumor phenotype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UPSQ was linked to the clinical outcomes of patients receiving PD-1-based immunochemotherapy for BC. In MIBC, lower baseline UPSQ grade may be associated with a tumor transcriptomic phenotype contributing to better cCR and OS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier NCT04730219;\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier NCT04730232.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1929760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T05:30:30Z","timestamp":1786339830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urinary protein semi-quantification in immunochemotherapy for bladder cancer: markers of clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Houyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuda","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunkai","family":"Qie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouliang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangkang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaipeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaobo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Wild\n              CP\n            \n          \n          World Cancer Report: Cancer Research for Cancer Prevention\n          \n          2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2401726","article-title":"Adjuvant pembrolizumab versus observation in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma","volume":"392","author":"Apolo","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.18.01148","article-title":"Pembrolizumab as neoadjuvant therapy before radical cystectomy in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma (PURE-01): An open-label, single-arm, phase II study","volume":"36","author":"Necchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2408154","article-title":"Perioperative durvalumab with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable bladder cancer","volume":"391","author":"Powles","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0628-7","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and biomarker analysis of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in operable urothelial carcinoma in the ABACUS trial","volume":"25","author":"Powles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1802404","article-title":"Research progress in augmentation strategies for PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors in bladder cancer: From biological determinants to clinical applications","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70324","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-based multimodal prediction of postoperative adjuvant immunotherapy benefit in urothelial carcinoma: Results from the phase III, multicenter, randomized, IMvigor010 trial","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.06.009","article-title":"Urinary tumor DNA-based liquid biopsy in bladder cancer management: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-023-00725-2","article-title":"Circulating and urinary tumour DNA in urothelial carcinoma - upper tract, lower tract and metastatic disease","volume":"20","author":"Rose","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"B10","article-title":"Glomerular antigen complexes associated with transitional cell carcinoma","volume":"140","author":"Jones","year":"1975","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstetrics"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000463802","article-title":"Association of circulating immune complexes with glomerular proteinuria in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder","volume":"10","author":"Skaarup","year":"1984","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2024.04.020","article-title":"Phase 2 study of preoperative tislelizumab in combination with low-dose nab-paclitaxel in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-24-3321","article-title":"Phase II pilot trial of tislelizumab plus low-dose nab-paclitaxel for extensive very high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"31","author":"Qie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res: Off J Am Assoc For Cancer Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life15020298","article-title":"Candidate genetic modifiers in Alport syndrome: A case series","volume":"15","author":"Lujinschi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-022-02353-3","article-title":"Noncoding RNA actions through IGFs and IGF binding proteins in cancer","volume":"41","author":"Kerr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1180","article-title":"PGC-1\u03b1-responsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Mootha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","article-title":"Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","volume":"102","author":"Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene ontology: Tool for the unification of biology","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1559-2","article-title":"Reactome pathway analysis: A high-performance in-memory approach","volume":"18","author":"Fabregat","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2015.12.004","article-title":"The Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) hallmark gene set collection","volume":"1","author":"Liberzon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0114-2","article-title":"Determining cell type abundance and expression from bulk tissues with digital cytometry","volume":"37","author":"Newman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-017-1349-1","article-title":"xCell: Digitally portraying the tissue cellular heterogeneity landscape","volume":"18","author":"Aran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.231","article-title":"TCellSI: A novel method for T cell state assessment and its applications in immune environment prediction","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"iMeta"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.01.013","article-title":"Local mechanobiological disruption in solid tumor-driven vascular permeability: A competition between mechanical vs chemical stimuli","volume":"212","author":"Mart\u00edn-Contreras","year":"2026","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B26","article-title":"Significance of blood vessel leakiness in cancer","volume":"62","author":"McDonald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2024.07.008","article-title":"Treatment related to urinary tract infections is associated with delayed diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"8","author":"Liedberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"B28","article-title":"Prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in voided urine samples from patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder","volume":"7","author":"Durkan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res: Off J Am Assoc For Cancer Res"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2001.02355.x","article-title":"A comparison of urinary nuclear matrix protein-22 and bladder tumour antigen tests with voided urinary cytology in detecting and following bladder cancer: The prognostic value of false-positive results","volume":"88","author":"Poulakis","year":"2001","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(71)92305-1","article-title":"Immunological studies in nephrotic syndrome associated with extrarenal Malignant disease","volume":"2","author":"Lewis","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)55983-2","article-title":"Immune complexes in transitional cell carcinoma","volume":"123","author":"Pesce","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.1981.tb03189.x","article-title":"Urinary protein profiles in patients with urothelial bladder tumours","volume":"53","author":"Hemmingsen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33038","article-title":"Error-prone DNA repair pathways as determinants of immunotherapy activity: An emerging scenario for cancer treatment","volume":"147","author":"Caracciolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02581-5","article-title":"Integrated prognostic assessment of apoptosis and chemotherapy related gene in bladder cancer: A prognostic signature","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov Oncol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-025-00873-0","article-title":"Identification, functional insights and therapeutic targeting of EMT tumour states","volume":"26","author":"Dong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01717-y","article-title":"Extracellular matrix dynamics in tumor immunoregulation: From tumor microenvironment to immunotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-022-02527-z","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight cyclin E deregulates DNA replication and damage repair to promote genomic instability in breast cancer","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-024-00914-7","article-title":"Molecular biomarkers of progression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer - beyond conventional risk stratification","volume":"22","author":"Olislagers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175909","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt signaling in urological cancers: Tumorigenesis function, therapeutic potential, and therapy response regulation","volume":"955","author":"Rezaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.07.015","article-title":"NKG2D receptor activation of NF-\u03baB enhances inflammatory cytokine production in murine effector CD8(+) T cells","volume":"63","author":"Whitman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.08.033","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"188","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1767712","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA as a prognostic and monitoring biomarker in urothelial cancers","volume":"16","author":"Aragon-Ching","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.70047","article-title":"Recent advances in liquid biopsy for genitourinary cancers: A narrative review","volume":"88","author":"Harrs","year":"2026","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17121908","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Implications for prognosis and treatment personalization","volume":"17","author":"Katsimperis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-23-0513","article-title":"Urinary tumor DNA MRD analysis to identify responders to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res: Off J Am Assoc For Cancer Res"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000001878","article-title":"Urinary molecular pathology for patients with newly diagnosed urothelial bladder cancer","volume":"206","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.6160","article-title":"Urinary DNA methylation test for bladder cancer diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Jeong","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-025-01964-3","article-title":"Novel DNA methylation biomarkers in urine for non-invasive diagnosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2511885","article-title":"ctDNA-guided adjuvant atezolizumab in muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"393","author":"Powles","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2025.43.5_suppl.815","article-title":"A phase 2 trial of risk enabled therapy after neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (RETAIN-2)","volume":"43","author":"Ghatalia","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1929760\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T05:30:32Z","timestamp":1786339832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1929760\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1929760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1929760","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"article-number":"1929760"}}