{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:57:06Z","timestamp":1790683026403,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic low-grade inflammation and immunosenescence accompany ageing and chronic disease. Exercise and physical activity are proposed to modify circulating inflammatory biomarkers, but review-level evidence is dispersed across populations and conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus through 1 March 2026 for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and overviews on exercise or physical activity and circulating inflammaging- or immunosenescence-related biomarkers in older adults and adults with chronic diseases. We reported the review in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and PRIOR. Methodological quality was appraised with A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews, version 2 (AMSTAR-2), primary-study overlap with the corrected covered area, and certainty with GRADE. We performed no\n                      <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                      meta-analysis or meta-regression; this umbrella review is a structured narrative synthesis of quantitative review-level estimates rather than a quantitative reanalysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-one reviews were included: 14 core-eligible (full Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, and Study design [PICOS] match, contributing to the primary synthesis and conclusions) and seven evidence-map-only (partial PICOS match, used only for mapping and background). Among core-eligible reviews reporting standardised mean differences, exercise was associated with small reductions in tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; point estimates \u2212 1.42 to \u2212 0.05, two of five confidence intervals excluding the null) and C-reactive protein (CRP; \u2212 0.65 to \u2212 0.47, two of three excluding the null), whereas interleukin-6 (IL-6) estimates were inconsistent (\u2212 0.81 to + 0.09, two of five excluding the null). Heterogeneity was frequently high (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      up to 94%). Overall primary-study overlap was slight (corrected covered area [CCA] = 0.0091), but very high within the multiple sclerosis cluster (CCA\u00a0=\u00a00.4048). AMSTAR-2 confidence was critically low in 11 reviews, low in nine, and moderate in one; GRADE certainty was very low for every biomarker construct. A\n                      <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      restricted descriptive sensitivity analysis excluding critically low reviews attenuated the apparent signal.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Exercise and physical activity may produce small reductions in some circulating inflammatory biomarkers, most consistently TNF-alpha and CRP, but effects on IL-6 are inconsistent, and certainty is very low. Effects on immunosenescence and cellular-senescence markers remain an evidence gap. This biomarker evidence alone is insufficient to justify prescribing exercise specifically to lower inflammatory biomarkers and does not alter broader physical-activity recommendations based on clinical and functional outcomes.\n                      <jats:bold>PROSPERO<\/jats:bold>\n                      : CRD420261410061\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1931607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:01:50Z","timestamp":1790679710000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of exercise and physical activity on circulating inflammaging- and immunosenescence-related biomarkers in older adults and adults with chronic diseases: an umbrella review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Guangwei","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Human Science, Hebei Sport University","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wushu, Hebei Sport University","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x","article-title":"Inflamm-aging: an evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence","volume":"908","author":"Franceschi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad 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