{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:03:07Z","timestamp":1790229787751,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a critical Fc-mediated immune mechanism contributing to antiviral defence. However, its functionality in people living with HIV (PLHIV) following SARS-CoV-2 exposure remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluates the anti-Spike ADCC antibody levels, functional ADCC activity, and neutralising antibody responses in HIV-negative and HIV-positive individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 30 samples per group. Anti-Spike ADCC-binding antibodies were measured using Fc\u03b3RIIIa-binding assays, while functional ADCC activity was evaluated by rapid fluorometric antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (RFADCC) assays. Neutralising antibody responses were assessed using surrogate virus neutralization assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV-negative Spike-positive individuals exhibited significantly higher levels of ADCC antibodies compared to HIV-positive counterparts (fold response: 8.74 vs 6.23; p=0.0056). Consistently, functional ADCC activity was reduced in HIV-positive individuals (mean: 43.87%) compared to HIV-negative individuals (mean: 52.16%; p=0.03), indicating impaired Fc-mediated effector function. In contrast, neutralising antibody responses were largely preserved, with no significant difference observed between HIV-positive and HIV-negative Spike-positive groups, despite increased variability in the HIV-positive cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate reduced Fc\u03b3RIIIa-dependent antibody activity and functional ADCC responses in PLHIV despite relatively preserved neutralising antibody responses, highlighting differences between Fc-mediated and neutralising antibody functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1932685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:43:31Z","timestamp":1790228611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating Fc-mediated antibody functions against SARS-CoV-2 in PLHIV: reduced Fc\u03b3RIIIa-dependent activity and ADCC despite preserved neutralising antibodies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Swarali","family":"Kurle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Drug Resistance Laboratory - ICMR - National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research","place":["Pune, Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratiksha","family":"Pansambal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Drug Resistance Laboratory - ICMR - National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research","place":["Pune, Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhuri","family":"Thakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Serology - ICMR - National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research","place":["Pune, Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manisha","family":"Ghate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Sciences - ICMR - National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research","place":["Pune Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubhangi","family":"Bichare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Serology - ICMR - National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research","place":["Pune, Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Shidhaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Sciences - ICMR - National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research","place":["Pune Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division 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