{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:09:15Z","timestamp":1789124955763,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Personalised neoantigen vaccines are patient-specific immunotherapies designed to target tumour-restricted antigens arising from genomic and transcriptomic alterations, including single-nucleotide variants, insertions and deletions, frameshifts, gene fusions and aberrant splicing. Early clinical studies have established manufacturing feasibility and immunogenicity, while randomised phase 2b evidence in resected melanoma has provided a signal of clinical activity that requires confirmation in larger trials. Clinical development nevertheless remains concentrated in high-income academic centres, raising questions about equitable implementation in Southeast Asia. This narrative review evaluates the published clinical evidence and the documented health-system capacity of the 11 ASEAN member states. Regional capacity is heterogeneous: national or institutional genomic programmes and tertiary molecular services are documented in several countries, whereas routine nationwide availability, public reimbursement and equitable geographic access remain incompletely characterised. Potential implementation barriers include access to clinical-grade tumour\u2013normal sequencing, bioinformatics and molecular pathology expertise, patient-specific GMP manufacturing, chain-of-identity control, product release testing, temperature-controlled distribution, financing and country-specific regulatory requirements. Current immunopeptidomic training datasets provide uneven HLA coverage, and published neoantigen-prediction tools have not undergone prespecified, prospective, allele-stratified validation across representative Southeast Asian HLA class I and class II repertoires. Their regional transportability should therefore be considered uncertain rather than assumed to be either equivalent or inferior. A staged hub-and-spoke model linking clinical centres, national genomic nodes and a limited number of regional GMP facilities could support prospective implementation studies. Whether personalised neoantigen vaccines reduce or widen existing cancer inequities will depend on evidence-based patient selection, health-system investment, sustainable financing and nationally appropriate regulatory oversight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1934309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T10:45:06Z","timestamp":1789123506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Personalised neoantigen vaccines for precision oncology in Southeast Asia: clinical opportunities, infrastructure challenges, and policy perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yingying","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(25)00017-8","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality estimates in 2022 in southeast Asia: a comparative analysis","volume":"26","author":"Dee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-026-01752-z","article-title":"Status of integrative oncology in low-and middle-income countries of east and southeast Asia","volume":"28","author":"Lam","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0032","article-title":"Personalised immunotherapy in cancer precision medicine","volume":"18","author":"Kiyotani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002181","article-title":"Neoantigens in precision cancer immunotherapy: from identification to clinical applications","volume":"135","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.09.002","article-title":"Machine learning methods and harmonized datasets improve immunogenic neoantigen prediction","volume":"56","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae024","article-title":"ImmuneMirror: A machine learning-based integrative pipeline and web server for neoantigen prediction","volume":"25","author":"Chuwdhury","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100667","article-title":"Disparities in access to cancer diagnostics in ASEAN member countries","volume":"32","author":"Alberto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Heal Pac"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2025.104293","article-title":"Quality-of-care indicators for oncology management: an analysis of Asia-Pacific healthcare and oncology indicators","volume":"10","author":"Kanesvaran","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/GO-24-00416","article-title":"Precision oncology: a global perspective on implementation and policy development","volume":"11","author":"Horgan","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCO Glob Oncol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100045","article-title":"Population-based study on coverage and healthcare processes for cancer during implementation of national healthcare insurance in Indonesia","volume":"6","author":"Schaefers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Heal Asia"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01717-2","article-title":"Delivering precision oncology to patients with cancer","volume":"28","author":"Mateo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2024.100430","article-title":"Uniqueness of lung cancer in Southeast Asia","volume":"27","author":"Noronha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Heal Asia"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55476\/001c.38703","article-title":"Major cancer problems and prospects for prevention in Asia","volume":"2","author":"Sankaranarayanan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Moral Theol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100587","article-title":"Achieving equitable access to cancer screening services to reduce the cancer burden in the Asia-Pacific region: Experience from Hong Kong","volume":"29","author":"So","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Heal Pac"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.4051","article-title":"Combining immune checkpoint blockade and tumour-specific vaccine for patients with incurable human papillomavirus 16\u2013related cancer: a phase 2 clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Massarelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.251","article-title":"Use of expression profiles of HBV-DNA integrated into genomes of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to select T cells for immunotherapy","volume":"156","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.06.013","article-title":"Non-terminally exhausted tumour-resident memory HBV-specific T cell responses correlate with relapse-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"54","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13868","article-title":"Precision medicine in Asia enhanced by next\u2010generation sequencing: Implications for Thailand through a scoping review and interview study","volume":"17","author":"Phanthunane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101073","article-title":"Addressing cancer care gaps through improved early cancer diagnosis in Singapore: research priorities to inform clinical practice","volume":"46","author":"Ong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Heal Pac"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31557\/apjcb.2024.9.3.287-293","article-title":"Advancing cancer care infrastructure in Cambodia: summary of the first 100 patients with cervical cancer treated at the National Cancer Centre","volume":"9","author":"Gardner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Biol"},{"key":"B21","unstructured":"About Precise-Sg100k\n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2021.28.3.1","article-title":"Precision medicine: Making it happen for Malaysia","volume":"28","author":"Jamal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malaysian J Med Sci"},{"key":"B23","article-title":"Kemenkes Resmikan BGSi, Inisiatif Nasional Pertama untuk Deteksi Potensi Penyakit di Masa Depan","volume-title":"Kementeri Kesehat Republik Indones","year":"2022"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.13356","article-title":"Genetic landscape and personalised tracking of tumour mutations in Vietnamese women with breast cancer","volume":"17","author":"Nguyen Hoang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/GO.22.00138","article-title":"Geographic distribution of cancer care providers in the Philippines","volume":"8","author":"Eala","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCO Glob Oncol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101219","article-title":"Radiotherapy services in the Philippines: exploring geographical barriers to improve access to care","volume":"51","author":"Flores","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Heal Pac"},{"key":"B27","article-title":"Precision Genomic Medicine Research Group to propel UBD into the era of precision medicine research","volume-title":"Beyond","year":"2020"},{"key":"B28","article-title":"Forging a new era: Timor-Leste admitted into ASEAN","volume-title":"Asean Main Portal","year":"2025"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1288105","article-title":"Evaluating NetMHCpan performance on non-European HLA alleles not present in training data","volume":"14","author":"Atkins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30516-8","article-title":"Insertion-and-deletion-derived tumour-specific neoantigens and the immunogenic phenotype: a pan-cancer analysis","volume":"18","author":"Turajlic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0434-2","article-title":"Immunogenic neoantigens derived from gene fusions stimulate T cell responses","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.07.001","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of alternative splicing across tumours from 8,705 patients","volume":"34","author":"Kahles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.02.006","article-title":"High tumour mutation burden fails to predict immune checkpoint blockade response across all cancer types","volume":"32","author":"McGrail","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa379","article-title":"NetMHCpan-4.1 and NetMHCIIpan-4.0: Improved predictions of MHC antigen presentation by concurrent motif deconvolution and integration of MS MHC eluted ligand data","volume":"48","author":"Reynisson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2020.06.010","article-title":"MHCflurry 2.0: Improved pan-allele prediction of MHC class I-presented peptides by incorporating antigen processing","volume":"11","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-19-0401","article-title":"pVACtools: A computational toolkit to identify and visualize cancer neoantigens","volume":"8","author":"Hundal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btae547","article-title":"NeoaPred: a deep-learning framework for predicting immunogenic neoantigen based on surface and structural features of peptide\u2013human leukocyte antigen complexes","volume":"40","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae302","article-title":"HLAIImaster: A deep learning method with adaptive domain knowledge predicts HLA II neoepitope immunogenic responses","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1722117","article-title":"CNNeoPP: a large language model-enhanced deep learning pipeline for personalised neoantigen prediction and liquid biopsy applications","volume":"17","author":"Cai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1105420","article-title":"Designing neoantigen cancer vaccines, trials, and outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Biswas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2023.103773","article-title":"Personalised neoantigen cancer vaccines: an analysis of the clinical and commercial potential of ongoing development programs","volume":"28","author":"Perrinjaquet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-110824-034150","article-title":"Recent advances in mRNA therapeutic cancer vaccines","volume":"28","author":"Laflin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Annu Rev BioMed Eng"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2026.108445","article-title":"Delivering mRNA vaccines: Emerging strategies and clinical potential of nanocarrier systems for cancer treatment","volume":"122","author":"Dodopoulos","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Drug Delivery Sci Technol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2025.128059","article-title":"Evolution and trends in non-viral mRNA cancer vaccines: a scoping review from 2015 to 2025","volume":"71","author":"Nowzari","year":"2026","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.10.001","article-title":"Allele-specific HLA loss and immune escape in lung cancer evolution","volume":"171","author":"McGranahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1604958","article-title":"Mutations associated with acquired resistance to PD-1 blockade in melanoma","volume":"375","author":"Zaretsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22991","article-title":"An immunogenic personal neoantigen vaccine for patients with melanoma","volume":"547","author":"Ott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23003","article-title":"Personalised RNA mutanome vaccines mobilize poly-specific therapeutic immunity against cancer","volume":"547","author":"Sahin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0792-9","article-title":"Neoantigen vaccine generates intratumoural T cell responses in phase Ib glioblastoma trial","volume":"565","author":"Keskin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0810-y","article-title":"Actively personalised vaccination trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma","volume":"565","author":"Hilf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02268-7","article-title":"Individualised neoantigen therapy mRNA-4157 (V940) plus pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab monotherapy in resected melanoma (KEYNOTE-942): A randomised, phase 2b study","volume":"403","author":"Weber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06063-y","article-title":"Personalised RNA neoantigen vaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer","volume":"618","author":"Rojas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08508-4","article-title":"RNA neoantigen vaccines prime long-lived CD8+ T cells in pancreatic cancer","volume":"639","author":"Sethna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02894-y","article-title":"Personalised neoantigen vaccine and pembrolizumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A phase 1\/2 trial","volume":"30","author":"Yarchoan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08507-5","article-title":"A neoantigen vaccine generates antitumour immunity in renal cell carcinoma","volume":"639","author":"Braun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1652047","article-title":"Reprogramming cancer immunity with next-generation combination therapies","volume":"13","author":"Kyriakidis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c03826","article-title":"Advancing lung cancer treatment: mRNA therapeutics and delivery strategies","volume":"25","author":"Yaremenko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14020135","article-title":"Harnessing vaccines in the treatment of solid tumours: Advances, challenges, and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Iranzo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2026.101659","article-title":"Oncolytic viruses and neoantigen vaccines: opportunities and challenges in priming antitumour immunity","volume":"64","author":"Mansinho","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Heal"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2023-0704","article-title":"Glycoproteomics-based liquid biopsy: translational outlook for colorectal cancer clinical management in Southeast Asia","volume":"19","author":"Kumarasamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Futur Oncol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/go-25-00095","article-title":"Barriers to immune checkpoint inhibitor access for patients with cancer in Southeast Asia: Challenges and policy implications","volume":"11","author":"Feliciano","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCO Glob Oncol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pme-2022-0008","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities in building a health economic framework for personalised medicine in oncology","volume":"20","author":"Aguiar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Per Med"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1535018","article-title":"The data scientist as a mainstay of the tumour board: global implications and opportunities for the global south","volume":"7","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Dig Heal"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1394003","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and neoantigens: paving the path for precision cancer immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Bulashevska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16101427","article-title":"Current oncology nutrition care practice in Southeast Asia: a scoping review","volume":"16","author":"Nissa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00521-7","article-title":"Cancer education and training within the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries","volume":"25","author":"Huq","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107110","article-title":"Social determinants of sex disparities in cancer in Southeast Asia","volume":"26","author":"Arevalo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iscience"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/go.23.00056","article-title":"Improving equity across cancer care continuum in Asia Pacific","volume":"9","author":"Segelov","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCO Glob Oncol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK-25-473930","article-title":"Global oncology: tackling disparities and promoting innovations in low-and middle-income countries","volume":"45","author":"Barragan-Carrillo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ B"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pcm.2024.1","article-title":"Challenges and solutions to system-wide use of precision oncology as the standard of care paradigm","volume":"2","author":"Lajmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cambridge Prism Precis Med"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/GO-25-00353","article-title":"Peripheral T-cell lymphoma management in East and Southeast Asia: Real-world challenges and aspirations of the Asian Lymphoma Study Group","volume":"11","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCO Glob Oncol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16030392","article-title":"Current trends in neoantigen-based cancer vaccines","volume":"16","author":"Ho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/research.1193","article-title":"A bioinspired approach to next-generation vaccines in solid tumours with engineered cell membranes","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113392","article-title":"Unlocking the full potential of memory T cells in adoptive T cell therapy for hematologic Malignancies","volume":"144","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.92988","article-title":"The burgeoning significance of liquid-liquid phase separation in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of cancers","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16121582","article-title":"Precisely tailoring molecular structure of doxorubicin prodrugs to enable stable nanoassembly, rapid activation, and potent antitumour effect","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.08.003","article-title":"Arsenic trioxide-based nanoparticles for enhanced chemotherapy by activating pyroptosis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202515865","article-title":"AIEgen-based proactive early warning system and precise treatment strategy for monkeypox prevention and control","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-24-2553","article-title":"Leveraging artificial intelligence for neoantigen prediction","volume":"85","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1934309\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T10:45:09Z","timestamp":1789123509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1934309\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1934309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1934309","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"article-number":"1934309"}}