{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:47:17Z","timestamp":1793659637993,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anticancer therapy can eliminate immune-visible tumour cells while simultaneously imposing selective pressures that favour residual immune-evasive populations. This mini-review conceptualizes therapy-induced immunoediting as a dynamic continuum comprising pre-existing escape, therapeutic immune activation, a selective bottleneck, residual equilibrium and secondary escape. We discuss how genetic alterations, therapy-resistant stem-like tumour-cell states and spatial remodelling of vascular, stromal and myeloid niches cooperate to reduce tumour visibility, effector susceptibility and immune-cell access. Representative approved and investigational therapies illustrate both successful pharmacological interception and the limitations of non-selective immune intensification. We further highlight residual equilibrium as a clinically actionable window that may be identified through longitudinal tissue sampling, circulating tumour DNA and spatial or single-cell profiling. Clinically, longitudinal biomarkers may identify residual equilibrium and guide mechanism-matched treatment adaptation before immune-evasive populations expand into radiographically evident relapse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1936590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T12:04:02Z","timestamp":1788523442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Therapy-induced immunoediting and the evolution of cancer immune escape"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuang","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital)","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and 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