{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:49:54Z","timestamp":1791352194405,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults living with HIV may have persistent immune activation and low-grade inflammation despite effective antiretroviral therapy. We assessed whether resistance training or resistance-containing combined exercise alters inflammatory biomarkers or T-cell counts versus non-exercise control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six databases were searched to 1 June 2026 without language restrictions. Controlled intervention studies lasting at least four weeks were eligible. Screening and extraction were performed independently in duplicate. Inflammatory outcomes were expressed as Hedges\u2019 g; final-value SMDs were primary and change-score SMDs were analyzed separately, with one-trial strata reported individually. CD4+ T-cell count was pooled as a mean difference. Random-effects models used restricted maximum likelihood and Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman intervals. RoB 2 or ROBINS-I and GRADE were applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifteen trials (18 reports) were included; 13 contributed quantitative data. All primary final-value confidence intervals included no effect: interleukin-6, \u22120.19 (95% CI \u22121.14 to 0.76; k = 4); tumor necrosis factor alpha, 0.07 (\u22121.44 to 1.57; k = 3); C-reactive protein, \u22120.02 (\u22121.46 to 1.41; k = 3); interleukin-1 beta, \u22120.47 (\u221210.09 to 9.15; k = 2); and interleukin-10, 0.04 (\u221211.37 to 11.46; k = 2). Interleukin-8 was reported by one final-value trial, \u22120.63 (\u22121.39 to 0.12), and was not pooled. Separate change-score analyses were also inconclusive except for one unpooled C-reactive protein trial. The pooled estimate for CD4+ T-cell count favored exercise by 124.2 cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      (54.6 to 193.7; k = 7), but the prediction interval crossed no effect. Certainty was very low.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effects of resistance-containing exercise on inflammatory biomarkers remain undetermined. The CD4+ estimate suggests a possible increase, but confidence is very limited because the evidence is sparse, heterogeneous, at risk of bias, and its prediction interval includes no effect. Larger trials with well-defined comparators and complete contrast-form reporting are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD420261425700<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD420261425700.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1949799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:50:04Z","timestamp":1791348604000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Resistance-containing exercise versus non-exercise control for inflammatory markers and T-cell counts in adults living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University","place":["Gunsan-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University","place":["Gunsan-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhentao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University","place":["Gunsan-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zikun","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University","place":["Gunsan-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingshi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University","place":["Gunsan-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042909-093756","article-title":"HIV infection, inflammation, immunosenescence, and aging","volume":"62","author":"Deeks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)61809-7","article-title":"The end of AIDS: HIV infection as a chronic disease","volume":"382","author":"Deeks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11030200","article-title":"Immune activation, inflammation, and non-AIDS co-morbidities in HIV-infected patients under long-term ART","volume":"11","author":"Zicari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050203","article-title":"Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection","volume":"5","author":"Kuller","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu254","article-title":"Soluble markers of inflammation and coagulation but not T-cell activation predict non-AIDS-defining morbid events during suppressive antiretroviral treatment","volume":"210","author":"Tenorio","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw275","article-title":"Immunologic biomarkers, morbidity, and mortality in treated HIV infection","volume":"214","author":"Hunt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000001109","article-title":"Inflammation, immune activation, and cardiovascular disease in HIV","volume":"30","author":"Nou","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004078","article-title":"HIV-infected individuals with low CD4\/CD8 ratio despite effective antiretroviral therapy exhibit altered T cell subsets, heightened CD8+ T cell activation, and increased risk of non-AIDS morbidity and mortality","volume":"10","author":"Serrano-Villar","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3041","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease","volume":"11","author":"Gleeson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12581","article-title":"Exercise as medicine - 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