{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:02:46Z","timestamp":1790229766993,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SLE may occur simultaneously with or subsequently to other autoimmune diseases; such cases are called overlap syndromes. Cases of SLE overlapping with three or more autoimmune diseases are extremely rare, and there is no unified standard or consensus for treatment. We report a clinical case of a patient with SLE, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome, and psoriasis. After treatment with a triple immunosuppressive regimen containing telitacicept, the patient achieved a satisfactory therapeutic response. As the first dual-pathway inhibitor targeting BLyS\/APRIL, telitacicept demonstrated potential in the treatment of this complex overlap syndrome, suggesting a promising application prospect in patients with multiple coexisting autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1951267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:43:52Z","timestamp":1790228632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Triple immunotherapy containing telitacicept for systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by multiple autoimmune diseases: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aifei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longyan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiashun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.2315","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: a review","volume":"331","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25528","article-title":"2024 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guideline for the screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis","volume":"77","author":"Sammaritano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225319","article-title":"Management of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic literature review informing the 2023 update of the EULAR recommendations","volume":"83","author":"Kostopoulou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.09.001","article-title":"Executive summary of the KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the management of lupus nephritis","volume":"105","author":"Rovin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.06.004","article-title":"Overlap connective tissue disease syndromes","volume":"12","author":"Iaccarino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-025-09119-1","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis and therapeutics of systemic lupus erythematosus: an integrative review","volume":"68","author":"Lyu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390121","article-title":"The coexistence of systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis in five patients. 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