{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:20:22Z","timestamp":1787746822822,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016350","name":"Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Estrogen deficiency is a major risk factor for degenerative disorders of the musculoskeletal system in postmenopausal women, while ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various osteoarticular diseases. Recent studies indicate an interplay between estrogen signaling and ferroptosis, with evidence relatively well supported in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), emerging in osteoarthritis (OA), and still limited in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Estrogen deficiency may disrupt iron homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant defense systems, thereby increasing ferroptosis susceptibility across musculoskeletal tissues. This review summarizes the roles of estrogen and recent research progress in these three common degenerative diseases from the perspective of ferroptosis-related mechanisms. Particular emphasis is placed on the shared mechanisms and tissue-specific manifestations of this regulatory axis across these diseases. Finally, we highlight therapeutic opportunities and translational challenges associated with targeting this axis, including estrogen receptor subtype modulation, ferroptosis inhibition, and local delivery strategies. Overall, the estrogen\u2013ferroptosis axis may provide a mechanistic framework for understanding postmenopausal musculoskeletal comorbidity and developing targeted interventions for degenerative musculoskeletal disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1951300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:34:02Z","timestamp":1787744042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The estrogen\u2013ferroptosis axis in postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration: shared mechanisms and emerging evidence"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kaiyuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Nursing, Intensive Care Unit, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College","place":["Nanchong, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"School of Graduate Studies, Post Graduate Centre, Neuroscience & Mental Well-being Centre (NeuroMIND), International Medical School, Management & Science University","place":["Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Nursing, Intensive Care Unit, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College","place":["Nanchong, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"School of Nursing, North Sichuan Medical College","place":["Nanchong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Nursing, Intensive Care Unit, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College","place":["Nanchong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Nursing, Intensive Care Unit, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College","place":["Nanchong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Nursing, Intensive Care Unit, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College","place":["Nanchong, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"School of Graduate Studies, Post Graduate Centre, Neuroscience & Mental Well-being Centre (NeuroMIND), International Medical School, Management & Science University","place":["Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nik Nasihah","family":"Nik Ramli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Graduate Studies, Post Graduate Centre, Neuroscience & Mental Well-being Centre (NeuroMIND), International Medical School, Management & Science University","place":["Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Nursing, Intensive Care Unit, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College","place":["Nanchong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2012.03.008","article-title":"Estrogen and the skeleton","volume":"23","author":"Khosla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-023-00280-x","article-title":"Low back pain and osteoarthritis pain: a perspective of estrogen","volume":"11","author":"Pang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-013-0867-x","article-title":"Estradiol inhibits osteoblast apoptosis via promotion of autophagy through the ER-ERK-mTOR pathway","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.913118","article-title":"Estradiol inhibits ER stress-induced apoptosis in chondrocytes and contributes to a reduced osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration in female mice","volume":"10","author":"Dreier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1564458","article-title":"17\u03b2-estradiol maintains extracellular matrix homeostasis of nucleus pulposus cells by activating p70 S6K1 signaling pathway","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05793-w","article-title":"Correlation between intervertebral disc degeneration and bone mineral density difference: a retrospective study of postmenopausal women using an eight-level MRI-based disc degeneration grading system","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-06026-5","article-title":"The interplay between sex hormones, mitochondrial dysfunction, and intervertebral disc degeneration: insights beyond Qiu et\u00a0al","volume":"22","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-023-00485-5","article-title":"Insights into the underlying pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of endoplasmic reticulum stress in degenerative musculoskeletal diseases","volume":"10","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00703-5","article-title":"The cell biology of ferroptosis","volume":"25","author":"Dixon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.013","article-title":"VDR activation attenuates osteoblastic ferroptosis and senescence by stimulating the Nrf2\/GPX4 pathway in age-related osteoporosis","volume":"193","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9067610","article-title":"Melatonin suppresses ferroptosis induced by high glucose via activation of the Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis","volume":"2020","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.791376","article-title":"Deferoxamine alleviates osteoarthritis by inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis and activating the Nrf2 pathway","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2948090","article-title":"circ_0072464 shuttled by bone mesenchymal stem cell-secreted extracellular vesicles inhibits nucleus pulposus cell ferroptosis to relieve intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"2022","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09389-x","article-title":"Multiple oestradiol functions inhibit ferroptosis and acute kidney injury","volume":"645","author":"Tonnus","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.05.003","article-title":"Ferroptosis surveillance independent of GPX4 and differentially regulated by sex hormones","volume":"186","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2023.12.003","article-title":"G protein-coupled receptor 30 activation inhibits ferroptosis and protects chondrocytes against osteoarthritis","volume":"44","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202300083r","article-title":"Estrogen deficiency accelerates postmenopausal atherosclerosis by inducing endothelial cell ferroptosis through inhibiting NRF2\/GPX4 pathway","volume":"37","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07354-0","article-title":"Targeting estrogen-regulated system x(c)(-) promotes ferroptosis and endocrine sensitivity of ER+ breast cancer","volume":"16","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-025-01871-1","article-title":"17beta-estradiol (E2) regulates Malignancies and stemness in endometrial carcinoma (EC) via interacting with ESR1","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00822-7","article-title":"The G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor GPER in health and disease: an update","volume":"19","author":"Prossnitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.8867","article-title":"The antioxidant neuroprotective effects of estrogens and phenolic compounds are independent from their estrogenic properties","volume":"96","author":"Moosmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14011443","article-title":"Quantitative structure-activity relationships predicting the antioxidant potency of 17\u03b2-estradiol-related polycyclic phenols to inhibit lipid peroxidation","volume":"14","author":"Prokai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000082334.17947.11","article-title":"Modulation of antioxidant enzyme expression and function by estrogen","volume":"93","author":"Strehlow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21417","article-title":"17\u03b2-estradiol regulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes in myocardial cells by increasing Nrf2 translocation","volume":"26","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8030069","article-title":"Mechanism of rapid nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation via membrane-associated estrogen receptors: roles of NADPH oxidase 1, neutral sphingomyelinase 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)","volume":"8","author":"Ishii","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-2045","article-title":"17\u03b2-estradiol inhibits iron hormone hepcidin through an estrogen responsive element half-site","volume":"153","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010428317726184","article-title":"Estrogen-induced disruption of intracellular iron metabolism leads to oxidative stress, membrane damage, and cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells","volume":"39","author":"Bajbouj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1452-1","article-title":"17\u03b2-estradiol induces stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells","volume":"15","author":"Belkaid","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14081062","article-title":"Targeting ferroptosis: emerging insights into osteoporosis mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol (Basel)"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-55929-4","article-title":"Regulation of enzymatic lipid peroxidation in osteoblasts protects against postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00365-1","article-title":"DNMT aberration-incurred GPX4 suppression prompts osteoblast ferroptosis and osteoporosis","volume":"12","author":"Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-026-02202-z","article-title":"Targeting CEBPA\/ALOX15B attenuates postmenopausal osteoporosis by inhibiting ferroptosis through the AMPK\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5006214","article-title":"Vitamin K2 inhibits PGE2-mediated osteoblast ferroptosis by upregulation of CBR1 via the Nrf2\/Keap1 pathway","volume":"8","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-025-02268-7","article-title":"4-Octyl itaconate attenuates postmenopausal osteoporosis by inhibiting ferroptosis and enhancing osteogenesis via the Nrf2 pathway","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26052027","article-title":"The GPR30-mediated BMP-6\/HEP\/FPN signaling pathway inhibits ferroptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate osteoporosis","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156297","article-title":"Sarsasapogenin stimulates angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling to treat estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis by activating the GPX4\/SLIT3\/ROBO1 axis","volume":"136","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.07.025","article-title":"Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor alpha and induction of Fas ligand in osteoclasts","volume":"130","author":"Nakamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci200318859","article-title":"A crucial role for thiol antioxidants in estrogen-deficiency bone loss","volume":"112","author":"Lean","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1910","article-title":"Coordination of PGC-1beta and iron uptake in mitochondrial biogenesis and osteoclast activation","volume":"15","author":"Ishii","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1390257","article-title":"Saikosaponin A attenuates osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by inducing ferroptosis","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202307388","article-title":"Ferroptosis in osteocytes as a target for protection against postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-06315-9","article-title":"Ferroptosis-mediated osteoclast-osteoblast crosstalk: signaling pathways governing bone remodeling in osteoporosis","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.150683","article-title":"The role of ferroptosis in osteoarthritis: progress and prospects","volume":"733","author":"Sheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2791","article-title":"Osteoarthritis associated with estrogen deficiency","volume":"11","author":"Roman-Blas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26895293.2024.2391292","article-title":"Ferroptosis plays a role in human chondrocyte of osteoarthritis induced by IL-1\u03b2 in vitro","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.909365","article-title":"17\u03b2-estradiol on the expression of G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER\/GPR30) mitophagy, and the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway in ATDC5 chondrocytes in vitro","volume":"24","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1999.0260","article-title":"Expression of genes for estrogen receptors alpha and beta in human articular chondrocytes","volume":"7","author":"Ushiyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2021.08.005","article-title":"Estrogen receptor alpha in human knee articular cartilage of healthy and osteoarthritic females","volume":"27","author":"Hughbanks","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15669","article-title":"The emerging role of fibroblast-like synoviocytes-mediated synovitis in osteoarthritis: an update","volume":"24","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-025-00502-4","article-title":"Synovial inflammatory macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles exacerbate cartilage lesions with a FMRP-selectively sorted manner in osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1510390","article-title":"Ferroptosis and its role in osteoarthritis: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103255","article-title":"Inhibition of ferroptosis rescues M2 macrophages and alleviates arthritis by suppressing the HMGB1\/TLR4\/STAT3 axis in M1 macrophages","volume":"75","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B53","article-title":"Estrogen exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-\u03baB pathway through binding with estrogen receptor \u03b2 on synovicytes of osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05608-y","article-title":"Estrogen alleviates post-traumatic osteoarthritis progression and decreases p-EGFR levels in female mouse cartilage","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52312\/jdrs.2024.1247","article-title":"Estrogen receptor is involved in the osteoarthritis mediated by Atg16L1-NLRP3 activation","volume":"35","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jt Dis Relat Surg"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.916254","article-title":"Estrogen modulates cartilage and subchondral bone remodeling in an ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.08.020","article-title":"Increased Sparc release from subchondral osteoblasts promotes articular chondrocyte degeneration under estrogen withdrawal","volume":"31","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1042060","article-title":"Ferroptosis: A potential target for the intervention of intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00317-9","article-title":"Piezo1 channel exaggerates ferroptosis of nucleus pulposus cells by mediating mechanical stress-induced iron influx","volume":"12","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30039","article-title":"Involvement of oxidative stress-induced annulus fibrosus cell and nucleus pulposus cell ferroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration pathogenesis","volume":"236","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6670497","article-title":"Ferroportin-dependent iron homeostasis protects against oxidative stress-induced nucleus pulposus cell ferroptosis and ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo","volume":"2021","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2025.2544287","article-title":"UCHL1 alleviates nucleus pulposus cell senescence by promoting chaperone-mediated autophagy antagonizing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis through deubiquitination of HSPA8","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-05067-1","article-title":"Selenium-SelK-GPX4 axis protects nucleus pulposus cells against mechanical overloading-induced ferroptosis and attenuates senescence of intervertebral disc","volume":"81","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202416149","article-title":"Glycolysis-derived lactate induces ACSL4 expression and lactylation to activate ferroptosis during intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2013.09.002","article-title":"Estrogen receptor expression in lumbar intervertebral disc of the elderly: gender- and degeneration degree-related variations","volume":"81","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.01.012","article-title":"Expression and functional roles of estrogen receptor GPR30 in human intervertebral disc","volume":"158","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000447915","article-title":"Estrogen enhances matrix synthesis in nucleus pulposus cell through the estrogen receptor \u03b2-p38 MAPK pathway","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2023.5339","article-title":"Nrf2 protects against cartilage endplate degeneration through inhibiting NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy","volume":"53","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.07.001","article-title":"Oxidative stress activates YAP\/TEAD1\/NCOA4 axis to promote ferroptosis of endplate chondrocytes and aggravate intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/184523","article-title":"Protective effect of estrogen against intervertebral disc degeneration is attenuated by miR-221 through targeting estrogen receptor \u03b1","volume":"50","author":"Sheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000002904","article-title":"Estrogen deficiency exacerbates intervertebral disc degeneration induced by spinal instability in rats","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2906224","article-title":"MGST1 may regulate the ferroptosis of the annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc: Bioinformatic integrated analysis and validation","volume":"29","author":"Huo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jir.s489052","article-title":"MUC1 and CREB3 are hub ferroptosis suppressors for nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus degeneration by integrated bioinformatics and experimental verification","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1529-9430(02)00230-9","article-title":"Expression and localization of estrogen receptor-beta in annulus cells of the human intervertebral disc and the mitogenic effect of 17-beta-estradiol in vitro","volume":"3","author":"Gruber","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2514","article-title":"Different concentrations of 17\u03b2-estradiol modulates apoptosis induced by interleukin-1\u03b2 in rat annulus fibrosus cells","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.897906","article-title":"17\u03b2-estradiol protects rat annulus fibrosus cells against apoptosis via \u03b11 integrin-mediated adhesion to type I collagen: An in-vitro study","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.1.60","article-title":"Loss of osteocyte integrity in association with microdamage and bone remodeling after fatigue in vivo","volume":"15","author":"Verborgt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.05.003","article-title":"Excessive mechanical stress induces chondrocyte apoptosis through TRPV4 in an anterior cruciate ligament-transected rat osteoarthritis model","volume":"228","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146049.52152.da","article-title":"Mechanical conditions that accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration: overload versus immobilization","volume":"29","author":"Stokes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.6.1045","article-title":"Mechanical strain and estrogen activate estrogen receptor alpha in bone cells","volume":"16","author":"Jessop","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060504","article-title":"Osteocytes use estrogen receptor alpha to respond to strain but their ERalpha content is regulated by estrogen","volume":"21","author":"Zaman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-021-00360-w","article-title":"G protein coupled estrogen receptor attenuates mechanical stress-mediated apoptosis of chondrocyte in osteoarthritis via suppression of Piezo1","volume":"27","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00888-z","article-title":"Intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis: a common molecular disease spectrum","volume":"19","author":"Fine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120555","article-title":"The regulation of cartilage extracellular matrix homeostasis in joint cartilage degeneration and regeneration","volume":"268","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199204854.003.2004_update_001","article-title":"Osteoporosis","volume":"393","author":"Compston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2019.100009","article-title":"Biomaterial-based endochondral bone regeneration: a shift from traditional tissue engineering paradigms to developmentally inspired strategies","volume":"3","author":"Sheehy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-025-00448-7","article-title":"Cellular senescence and other age-related mechanisms in skeletal diseases","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.091017","article-title":"Estrogens attenuate oxidative stress and the differentiation and apoptosis of osteoblasts by DNA-binding-independent actions of the ERalpha","volume":"25","author":"Almeida","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00773-2","article-title":"Menopause-induced 17\u03b2-estradiol and progesterone loss increases senescence markers, matrix disassembly and degeneration in mouse cartilage","volume":"5","author":"Gilmer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100775","article-title":"Effect of menopause on lumbar disk degeneration: potential etiology","volume":"257","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-023-00247-y","article-title":"Fighting age-related orthopedic diseases: focusing on ferroptosis","volume":"11","author":"Ru","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07527-x","article-title":"Role of METTL16 in PPAR\u03b3 methylation and osteogenic differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.205851","article-title":"CRYAB suppresses ferroptosis and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells via binding and stabilizing FTH1","volume":"16","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2656","article-title":"Iron overload-induced ferroptosis of osteoblasts inhibits osteogenesis and promotes osteoporosis: An in vitro and in vivo study","volume":"74","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.047","article-title":"P21 resists ferroptosis in osteoarthritic chondrocytes by regulating GPX4 protein stability","volume":"212","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.15297","article-title":"METTL14 promotes chondrocyte ferroptosis in osteoarthritis via m6A modification of GPX4","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18228","article-title":"Geniposidic acid alleviates osteoarthritis progression through inhibiting inflammation and chondrocytes ferroptosis","volume":"28","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5078","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55629-x","article-title":"Moderate mechanical stress suppresses chondrocyte ferroptosis in osteoarthritis by regulating NF-\u03baB p65\/GPX4 signaling pathway","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3a0914-430rr","article-title":"Estrogen anti-inflammatory activity on human monocytes is mediated through cross-talk between estrogen receptor ER\u03b136 and GPR30\/GPER1","volume":"99","author":"Pelekanou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci11066","article-title":"Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by enhancing T-cell production of TNF-alpha","volume":"106","author":"Cenci","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci143137","article-title":"Ovariectomy induces bone loss via microbial-dependent trafficking of intestinal TNF+ T cells and Th17 cells","volume":"131","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01330-w","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: pathogenic signaling pathways and therapeutic targets","volume":"8","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.160","article-title":"Role of cytokines in intervertebral disc degeneration: pain and disc content","volume":"10","author":"Risbud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.196","article-title":"Role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis","volume":"7","author":"Kapoor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05716-0","article-title":"The interaction between ferroptosis and inflammatory signaling pathways","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-00441-1","article-title":"Ferroptosis: molecular mechanisms and health implications","volume":"31","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.01.090","article-title":"The release and activity of HMGB1 in ferroptosis","volume":"510","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2020.09.006","article-title":"Chondrocyte ferroptosis contribute to the progression of osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11253","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66116-w","article-title":"Targeting the ROS-ferroptosis-inflammation cycle with a nanozyme-functionalized hydrogel for intervertebral disc repair","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0000000000002028","article-title":"The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society","volume":"29","year":"2022","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2022.825147","article-title":"Roles of hormone replacement therapy and menopause on osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease outcomes: a narrative review","volume":"3","author":"Mei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Rehabil Sci"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7890291","article-title":"Estradiol alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration through modulating the antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting autophagy in the model of menopause rats","volume":"2018","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119874","article-title":"17\u03b2-Estradiol alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting NF-\u03baB signal pathway","volume":"284","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s8756-3282(01)00685-8","article-title":"The selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene regulates osteoclast and osteoblast activity in vitro","volume":"30","author":"Taranta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2011.606312","article-title":"Long-term raloxifene for postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"27","author":"Recker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.924918","article-title":"Raloxifene stimulates estrogen signaling to protect against age- and sex-related intervertebral disc degeneration in mice","volume":"10","author":"Bhadouria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02504-4","article-title":"Raloxifene retards the progression of adjacent segmental intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting apoptosis of nucleus pulposus in ovariectomized rats","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.026","article-title":"Osteoporotic bone loss from excess iron accumulation is driven by NOX4-triggered ferroptosis in osteoblasts","volume":"198","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103847","article-title":"Contribution of ferroptosis and GPX4's dual functions to osteoarthritis progression","volume":"76","author":"Miao","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.018","article-title":"Iron overload promotes intervertebral disc degeneration via inducing oxidative stress and ferroptosis in endplate chondrocytes","volume":"190","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202207216","article-title":"Polydopamine nanoparticles targeting ferroptosis mitigate intervertebral disc degeneration via reactive oxygen species depletion, iron ions chelation, and GPX4 ubiquitination suppression","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112010","article-title":"Icariin inhibits chondrocyte ferroptosis and alleviates osteoarthritis by enhancing the SLC7A11\/GPX4 signaling","volume":"133","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2116","article-title":"Biofunctional polymer nanoparticles for intra-articular targeting and retention in cartilage","volume":"7","author":"Rothenfluh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03563-z","article-title":"Starlike Au nanoparticle unleashing siDDIT3 and photothermal power to combat ferroptosis - driven osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.03.049","article-title":"Nanodrugs targeting key factors of ferroptosis regulation for enhanced treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58447-5","article-title":"Injectable ECM-mimetic dynamic hydrogels abolish ferroptosis-induced post-discectomy herniation through delivering nucleus pulposus progenitor cell-derived exosomes","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300560","article-title":"A bone targeting nanoparticle loaded OGP to restore bone homeostasis for osteoporosis therapy","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202505203","article-title":"Bone-targeting selenium-doped carbon dot-based nanoparticles for ferroptosis suppression and osteogenesis against postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"15","author":"Cao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1713327","article-title":"The role of ferroptosis in osteoporosis: from pathogenic mechanisms to natural product-driven therapeutic innovations","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","article-title":"Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"288","author":"Rossouw","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.10348","article-title":"Iron chelators for the treatment of iron overload disease: relationship between structure, redox activity, and toxicity","volume":"73","author":"Chaston","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00324-8","article-title":"Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.986384","article-title":"Identification of ferroptosis-associated biomarkers for the potential diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eor-23-0148","article-title":"An update on the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158032","article-title":"Celosiae semen and celosin I alleviate postmenopausal osteoporosis by inhibiting ferroptosis through the Nrf2\/GPX4 pathway","volume":"154","author":"Jin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213508","article-title":"Targeting ferroptosis holds potential for intervertebral disc degeneration therapy","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2298-2","article-title":"Ferroptosis: past, present and future","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2021.12.001","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy - current recommendations","volume":"81","author":"Vigneswaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.02.009","article-title":"Emerging mechanisms and disease relevance of ferroptosis","volume":"30","author":"Stockwell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1951300\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:34:05Z","timestamp":1787744045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1951300\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":139,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1951300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1951300","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"article-number":"1951300"}}