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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pbx1 is a highly conserved transcription factor that regulates cell fate, proliferation, and apoptosis in multiple cell types, including stem cells and lineage precursors, and mature immune cells. The expression of a novel dominant-negative splice isoform of Pbx1, as well as a non-coding polymorphism near its 3\u2032 end in T cells and B cells, respectively, have been associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus. This review, focused on T cells, presents the evidence that\n                    <jats:italic>Pbx1<\/jats:italic>\n                    regulates the balance between regulatory and effector CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, with the lupus-associated dominant-negative isoform shifting toward the latter. The review also summarizes what is known about Pbx1 in B cells, NK cells and myeloid cells. Finally, evidence for a potential role of Pbx1 in the metabolic regulation of immune cells is reviewed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1953711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T08:58:21Z","timestamp":1790585901000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pbx1 as a regulator of T-cell fate in autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Montes De Oca Arena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio","place":["San Antonio, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuk Pheel","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San 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