{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:11:12Z","timestamp":1790143872923,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral immune-inflammatory activity may influence postoperative vascular remodeling in Moyamoya disease (MMD), but the relevant pathways may differ by developmental stage. We investigated age-dependent associations of blood cell-derived inflammatory indices with two complementary imaging outcomes: collateralization angiogenesis ratio (CAR) and arterial residual volume (ARV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective observational study included 108 patients with ischemic MMD who underwent revascularization (76 adults and 32 pediatric patients). Associations of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR), and platelet-to-albumin ratio (PAR) with CAR and ARV were screened using Spearman correlations with Benjamini\u2013Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction. Standardized multivariable linear models used HC3 robust standard errors and adjusted for age, sex, Suzuki stage, and follow-up. Effect modification was evaluated using cohort-by-marker and continuous age-by-marker interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CAR and ARV did not differ between adults and pediatric patients (P\u00a0=\u00a00.583 and P\u00a0=\u00a00.853, respectively) and were uncorrelated within either cohort, supporting their interpretation as distinct remodeling dimensions. In unadjusted analyses, pediatric NPR correlated inversely with CAR (\u03c1=\u22120.431, P\u00a0=\u00a00.014), whereas adult PLR correlated inversely with ARV (\u03c1=\u22120.242, P\u00a0=\u00a00.035); neither association survived false-discovery-rate correction. After adjustment, pediatric NPR remained inversely associated with CAR (standardized \u03b2=\u22120.380, 95% CI \u22120.652 to \u22120.108; P\u00a0=\u00a00.006). The adult PLR\u2013ARV association was borderline (\u03b2=\u22120.255, 95% CI \u22120.512 to 0.002; P\u00a0=\u00a00.052). PLR showed significant age-dependent effect modification: the PLR pediatric-cohort interaction was positive (\u03b2=0.547, 95% CI 0.112 to 0.981; P\u00a0=\u00a00.014), and the PLR continuous-age interaction was negative (\u03b2=\u22120.264, 95% CI \u22120.485 to \u22120.043; P\u00a0=\u00a00.019), indicating that the PLR\u2013ARV relationship became more negative with increasing age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this exploratory analysis, peripheral inflammatory indices were associated with different postoperative remodeling pathways according to developmental stage. The age-dependent PLR\u2013ARV relationship was the most consistent interaction signal, whereas the adjusted pediatric NPR\u2013CAR association suggests a potentially localized collateralization mechanism. However, these exploratory findings require validation in larger, prospectively characterized cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1954649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:56:10Z","timestamp":1790142970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-dependent associations of peripheral immune-inflammatory indices with cerebrovascular remodeling after revascularization in ischemic moyamoya disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third 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