{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:52:08Z","timestamp":1791525128827,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Granulomatous lung disease caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) has not been described in immunocompetent infants. We report a 5-month-old boy, born at 31\n                    <jats:sup>+5<\/jats:sup>\n                    weeks of gestation, with a 2-month history of isolated cough and normal growth. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography showed a multiloculated cystic mass in the right upper lobe. CMV DNA was detected in whole blood (1.41 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    copies\/mL) and urine (1.44 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    copies\/mL). Intravenous ganciclovir for 2 weeks produced no radiological change; because a tumor could not be excluded, video-assisted thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy was performed. Histology showed extensive necrosis with well-formed epithelioid granulomas and multinucleated giant cells. Stains for acid-fast bacilli and fungi and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybridization were negative. To exclude an infectious granulomatous disease, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of the resected tissue identified CMV at 1,143 reads per million as the only pathogen. The postoperative course was uncomplicated, with no recurrence at 6 months. CMV produced a localized granulomatous mass mimicking a congenital lung lesion or neoplasm, and tissue mNGS provided the decisive microbiological evidence. When a preterm infant has an unexplained chronic pulmonary lesion, CMV should be considered, and mNGS of pathological tissue can establish the diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.2000675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:34:50Z","timestamp":1791524090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Cytomegalovirus-associated granulomatous lung disease in an immunocompetent preterm infant"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yiping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yucai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70383","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical features of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections in Japanese infants and young children","volume":"97","author":"Kondo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11110-2","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections among Jordanians: seroprevalence and associated factors","volume":"25","author":"Kofahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004297","article-title":"Pulmonary complications of cytomegalovirus infection in neonates and infants: a systematic review of case reports and pooled 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Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.2000675\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:34:51Z","timestamp":1791524091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.2000675\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.2000675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.2000675","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"article-number":"2000675"}}