{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T07:43:22Z","timestamp":1785829402988,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Insect Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ambrosia beetles rely on mutualistic fungi as a food source for themselves and especially for their offspring, yet the influence of host tree species on fungal growth and specialization remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the growth performance of the ambrosia fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Dryadomyces montetyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an important nutritional symbiont of the oak pinhole borer\n                    <jats:italic>Platypus cylindrus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , on semi-artificial media infused with extracts of four tree species:\n                    <jats:italic>Quercus robur<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Fagus sylvatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Abies alba<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudotsuga menziesii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Fungal growth was quantified over time using logistic models of the growth area and final dry weight measurements. The growth of\n                    <jats:italic>D. montetyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    differed significantly among the different host tree substrates. Growth on\n                    <jats:italic>F. sylvatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    was comparable to that on\n                    <jats:italic>Q. robur<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; however, both conifer-derived media (\n                    <jats:italic>A. alba<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. menziesii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) exhibited significantly reduced surface expansion speed. Interestingly, growth speed on the European native\n                    <jats:italic>A. alba<\/jats:italic>\n                    was measurably higher than on the non-native\n                    <jats:italic>P. menziesii. Q. robur<\/jats:italic>\n                    medium had the highest fungal density of all tree hosts. However, density estimates were close and only nutrient-rich laboratory growth medium without tree extract differed significantly, as it had by far the highest density as well as growth speed of all measured media. Our findings show that fungal performance reflects the known preference of\n                    <jats:italic>P. cylindrus<\/jats:italic>\n                    for deciduous host trees. Host-related specialization of the fungal symbiont certainly determines host tree selection by\n                    <jats:italic>P. cylindrus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which affects the evolution of the tripartite interactions between beetle, fungus and host trees.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2025.1696497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T06:26:39Z","timestamp":1765866399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Growth variation of an ambrosia fungus on different tree species indicates host specialization"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Marcel Hugo","family":"Decker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H. W.","family":"Biedermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart J. J.","family":"van de Peppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon Andreja","family":"Nuotcl\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-417156-5.00002-2","article-title":"Chapter 2: Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogenetics of bark beetles","volume-title":"Bark Beetles","author":"Hulcr","year":"2015"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01318.x","article-title":"The evolution of agriculture in beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae)","volume":"55","author":"Farrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revision of the genera of lymexylidae (Coleoptera, cucujiformia)","volume":"183","author":"Wheeler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bull Am Museum Natural History"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00622498","article-title":"Zur \u00dcbertragung der N\u00e4hrpilze bei Ambrosiak\u00e4fern","volume":"43","author":"Francke-Grosmann","year":"1956","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00430256","article-title":"Hautdr\u00fcsen als Tr\u00e4ger der Pilzsymbiose bei Ambrosiak\u00e4fern","volume":"45","author":"Francke-Grosmann","year":"1956","journal-title":"Z f\u00fcr Morphologie und \u00d6kologie der Tiere"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3626562","article-title":"Ecology of ambrosia fungi and their dissemination by beetles","volume":"66","author":"Batra","year":"1963","journal-title":"Trans Kansas Acad Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.153.3732.193","article-title":"Ambrosia fungi: extent of specificity to ambrosia beetles","volume":"153","author":"Batra","year":"1966","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20192332","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.2332","article-title":"Pathogen defence is a potential driver of social evolution in ambrosia beetles","volume":"286","author":"Nuotcl\u00e0","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.602672","article-title":"Habitat quality determines dispersal decisions and fitness in a beetle\u2013fungus mutualism","volume":"9","author":"Nuotcl\u00e0","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Ecol Evol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2020.100926","article-title":"Fungal symbionts of bark and ambrosia beetles can suppress decomposition of pine sapwood by competing with wood-decay fungi","volume":"45","author":"Skelton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fungal Ecol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.1458","article-title":"First experimental evidence for active farming in ambrosia beetles and strong heredity of garden microbiomes","volume":"289","author":"Diehl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycres.2009.03.003","article-title":"Multigene phylogeny of filamentous ambrosia fungi associated with ambrosia and bark beetles","volume":"113","author":"Massoumi Alamouti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mycological Res"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3114\/sim.2022.101.02","article-title":"Generic boundaries in the Ophiostomatales reconsidered and revised","volume":"101","author":"De Beer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stud Mycology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2015.08.002","article-title":"Three genera in the Ceratocystidaceae are the respective symbionts of three independent lineages of ambrosia beetles with large, complex mycangia","volume":"119","author":"Mayers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fungal Biol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1716852115","article-title":"Symbiont selection via alcohol benefits fungus farming by ambrosia beetles","volume":"115","author":"Ranger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B16","article-title":"Ambrosia beetles and their fungi, with particular reference to Platypus cylindrus Fab","volume-title":"Symbiotic Associations","author":"Baker","year":"1963"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14394","article-title":"Know your farmer: ancient origins and multiple independent domestications of ambrosia beetle fungal cultivars","volume":"27","author":"Vanderpool","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"B18","article-title":"Platypodinae","volume-title":"Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera. Volume 3: Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga)","author":"Jordal","year":"2014"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"320 pp","volume-title":"Col\u00e9opt\u00e8res Scolytides","author":"Balachowsky","year":"1949"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(95)00056-9","article-title":"The mycangia of Platypus cylindrus Fab. and P. oxyurus Dufour (Coleoptera: Platypodidae): structure and associated fungi","volume":"42","author":"Cassier","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"B21","article-title":"Neue Untersuchungen \u00fcber Biologie, Sch\u00e4dlichkeit und Vorkommen des Eichenkernk\u00e4fers, Platypus cylindrus var cylindriformis","volume":"4","author":"Strohmeyer","year":"1906","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Land- und Forstwirtschaft"},{"key":"B22","volume-title":"Lehrbuch des Forstschutzes : Abhandlung der Besch\u00e4digungen des Waldes durch Menschen, Thiere und die Elemente unbelebter Natur, sowie der dagegen zu ergreifenden Massregeln","author":"N\u00f6rdlinger","year":"1884"},{"key":"B23","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis der Biologie von Platypus var.","volume":"3","author":"Strohmeyer","year":"1907","journal-title":"cylindriformis Reitter. Entomologische Bl\u00e4tter"},{"key":"B24","volume-title":"Wichtige Forstsch\u00e4dlinge","year":"2022"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/281139a0","article-title":"Host specificity of temperate and tropical animals","volume":"281","author":"Beaver","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-751800-8.50011-2","article-title":"Insect\u2013fungus relationships in the bark and ambrosia beetles","volume-title":"Insect\u2013Fungus Interactions","author":"Beaver","year":"1989"},{"key":"B27","article-title":"Die Brutg\u00e4nge des Eichenkernk\u00e4fers (Platypus cylindrus F.)","volume":"46","author":"Knotek","year":"1896","journal-title":"\u00d6sterreichische Vierteljahrsschrift f\u00fcr das Forstwesen"},{"key":"B28","article-title":"Zur Lebensweise und Bek\u00e4mpfungsm\u00f6glichkeit des Eichenkernk\u00e4fers Platypus cylindrus (Fabr.)","volume":"1952","author":"Groschke","year":"1952","journal-title":"Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr angewandte Entomologie"},{"key":"B29","article-title":"Sur la biologie du col\u00e9opt\u00e8re xylophage Platypus cylindrus (Fabr.)","volume":"4","author":"Husson","year":"1955","journal-title":"Annales Universitatis Saraviensis Sci"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3897\/contrib.entomol.75.e164168","article-title":"Zur Biologie, Historie und forstwirtschaftlichen Rolle des Ambrosiak\u00e4fers Platypus cylindrus (Fabricius 1792), bekannt als Eichenkernk\u00e4fer (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Platypodinae)","volume-title":"Contributions to Entomology","author":"Decker","year":"2025"},{"key":"B31","first-page":"96","article-title":"Fungi of Raffaelea genus (Ascomycota: Ophiostomatales) associated to Platypus cylindrus (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) in Portugal","volume":"31","author":"In\u00e1cio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"89","article-title":"Contribution of symbiotic fungi to cork oak colonization by Platypus cylindrus (Coleoptera: Platypodidae)","volume":"19","author":"In\u00e1cio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Silva Lusitana"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15739\/IJAPR.21.001","article-title":"Fungi associated with Platypus cylindrus Fab. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Quercus suber L. @ in North-Eastern Algeria","volume":"9","author":"Amoura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Agric Plantation Res"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.1130","article-title":"The sudden emergence of pathogenicity in insect-fungus symbioses threatens na\u00efve forest ecosystems","volume":"278","author":"Hulcr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049918","article-title":"Deux champignons ambrosia","volume":"25","author":"Arx","year":"1965","journal-title":"Mycopathologia Mycologia Applicata"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.590111","article-title":"Ethanol-enriched substrate facilitates ambrosia beetle fungi, but inhibits their pathogens and fungal symbionts of bark beetles","volume":"11","author":"Lehenberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"185","article-title":"The primary and auxiliary ambrosia fungi isolated from the ambrosia beetles Scolytoplatypus shogun Blandford (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Crossotarsus niponicus Blandford (Coleoptera: Platypodidae)","volume":"63","author":"Nakashima","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Faculty Agriculture Hokkaido Univ"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.1981.12021333","article-title":"Growth of the ambrosia fungus Ambrosiella hartigii on various nitrogen sources","volume":"73","author":"Roeper","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"B39","article-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R","year":"2024"},{"key":"B40","article-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2024"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0318-1","volume-title":"Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2000"},{"key":"B42","unstructured":"nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models\n          \n          \n            \n              Pinheiro\n              J\n            \n            \n              Bates\n              D\n            \n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B43","unstructured":"dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation\n          \n          \n            \n              Wickham\n              H\n            \n            \n              Fran\u00e7ois\n              R\n            \n            \n              Henry\n              L\n            \n            \n              M\u00fcller\n              K\n            \n            \n              Vaughan\n              D\n            \n          \n          \n          2023"},{"key":"B44","article-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"key":"B45","unstructured":"writexl: Export Data Frames to Excel \u201cxlsx\u201d Format\n          \n          \n            \n              Ooms\n              J\n            \n          \n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.774846","article-title":"Use ggbreak to effectively utilize plotting space to deal with large datasets and outliers","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2017.11.010","article-title":"Low intraspecific genetic diversity indicates asexuality and vertical transmission in the fungal cultivars of ambrosia beetles","volume":"32","author":"van de Peppel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fungal Ecol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2437554","article-title":"The tube method of measuring the growth rate of Neurospora","volume":"30","author":"Ryan","year":"1943","journal-title":"Am J Bot"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30515-4_27","article-title":"Ergosterol as a measure of fungal biomass","volume-title":"Methods to Study Litter Decomposition","author":"Gessner","year":"2020"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.4.1.Esteves","article-title":"Wood modification by heat treatment: a review","volume":"4","author":"Esteves","year":"2009","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11557-006-0080-1","article-title":"Identification of the ambrosia fungus of Xyleborus monographus and X. dryographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)","volume":"3","author":"Gebhardt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mycological Prog"},{"key":"B52","unstructured":"Scabbio\n              E\n            \n          \n          University of Padua\n          Using X-ray tomography to investigate species-specific colonization patterns of ambrosia beetles in flooded trees\n          \n          2023"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/EN11251","article-title":"Brood production by Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and growth of its fungal symbiont on artificial diet based on sawdust of different tree species","volume":"41","author":"Castrillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Entomology"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/EN13014","article-title":"Gallery productivity, emergence, and flight activity of the redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)","volume":"42","author":"Maner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Entomology"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/een.13341","article-title":"Effect of the host plant on the life history, behaviour and fungal community of a fungus-farming ambrosia beetle","volume":"49","author":"Melet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol Entomology"},{"key":"B56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Eine \u00dcbersicht \u00fcber die gew\u00f6hnlichsten mit Borkenk\u00e4fern assoziierten Bl\u00e4uepilze in Schweden und einige f\u00fcr Schweden neue Bl\u00e4uepilze","volume":"43","author":"Mathiesen-K\u00e4\u00e4rik","year":"1953","journal-title":"Meddelanden fr\u00e5n Statens skogsforskningsinstitut"},{"key":"B57","volume-title":"Eine \u00dcbersicht zur Biologie, entopischen Historie und Waldschutzsituation des Ambrosiak\u00e4fers","author":"Decker","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Insect Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/finsc.2025.1696497\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T06:26:52Z","timestamp":1765866412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/finsc.2025.1696497\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/finsc.2025.1696497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/finsc.2025.1696497","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-8600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-8600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"article-number":"1696497"}}