{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T11:30:29Z","timestamp":1793532629894,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":275,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Insect Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In contrast to mammals, insects possess a separate machinery for processing of long dsRNAs into siRNAs for the cleavage of viral RNAs. The process of RNAi is considered very efficient in all insects once the delivery in the cytoplasm occurs such as during RNA virus replication. For the application of RNAi as insecticide to succeed, efficient uptake of intact dsRNA into the cytoplasm therefore is necessary, which seems to occur by natural mechanisms in the leaf beetles for which RNAi-based insecticides already have been marketed. In most insects, relatively high amounts of dsRNA are required to trigger gene silencing which raises questions regarding potential side effects. Besides, RNAi is considered as the major antiviral defense mechanism, at least in\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but not necessarily in all other insects. Following increasing evidence from the recent literature, it has become prudent to include the sensing of dsRNA as an immune trigger to evaluate the extent of the RNAi mechanism that is triggered by dsRNA. In this review, an overview of mechanisms is presented regarding how the recognition of dsRNA as a \u201cpathogen-associated molecular pattern\u201d, the multiple additional functions of the canonical siRNA factors and the modulation of the function of Dicer-2 and Ago-2 by dsRNA-binding proteins may complicate the efficiency of the exo-RNAi process and aggravate its application for pest control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2025.1749008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T06:32:35Z","timestamp":1768545155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["DsRNA as pathogen-associated molecular pattern in innate immunity and multiple functions of the RNAi machinery complicate the use of RNAi in pest control"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Sericulture Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jisheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luoluo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Swevers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research \u201cDemokritos\u201d","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35078107","article-title":"Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells","volume":"411","author":"Elbashir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3802","article-title":"Overcoming cellular barriers for RNA therapeutics","volume":"35","author":"Dowdy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1071\/RD09211","article-title":"Applications of RNA interference-based gene silencing in animal agriculture","volume":"22","author":"Long","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil. Dev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2022.11.035","article-title":"Recent trends and advances of RNA interference (RNAi) to improve agricultural crops and enhance their resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses","volume":"194","author":"Bharathi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1359","article-title":"Control of coleopteran insect pests through RNA interference","volume":"25","author":"Baum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.112408.132605","article-title":"RNAi and functional genomics in plant parasitic nematodes","volume":"47","author":"Rosso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Phytopathol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16151","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2016.151","article-title":"Bidirectional cross-kingdom RNAi and fungal uptake of external RNAs confer plant protection","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Plants"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07754","article-title":"On the road to reading the RNA-interference code","volume":"457","author":"Siomi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08043-5","article-title":"The evolution of animal Argonautes: evidence for the absence of antiviral AGO Argonautes in vertebrates","volume":"7","author":"Wynant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1482006","article-title":"The RNA silencing endonuclease Argonaute 2 mediates specific antiviral immunity in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"20","author":"Van Rij","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3390\/v10050230","article-title":"Defense mechanisms against viral infection in Drosophila: RNAi and non-RNAi","volume":"10","author":"Swevers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-033020-090410","article-title":"The interplay between viruses and RNAi pathways in insects","volume":"66","author":"Bonning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.01.065","article-title":"Natural selection drives extremely rapid evolution in antiviral RNAi genes","volume":"16","author":"Obbard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.03.002","article-title":"Phosphate and R2D2 restrict the substrate specificity of Dicer-2, an ATP-driven ribonuclease","volume":"42","author":"Cenik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2018.04.001","article-title":"Conserved association of Argonaute 1 and 2 proteins with miRNA and siRNA pathways throughout insect evolution, from cockroaches to flies","volume":"1861","author":"Rubio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2022.959077","article-title":"Analysis of luciferase dsRNA production during baculovirus infection of Hi5 cells: RNA hairpins expressed by very late promoters do not trigger gene silencing","volume":"2","author":"Kolliopoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Insect Sci"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.04.004","article-title":"RNAi-mediated crop protection against insects","volume":"26","author":"Price","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.13208","article-title":"RNA interference in insects: the link between antiviral defense and pest control","volume":"31","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Insect Sci"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-81549-2_1","article-title":"The road to RNAi-based pest control: A historical perspective","volume-title":"RNA interference in agriculture: Basic science to applications","author":"Swevers","year":"2025"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104884","article-title":"Recent progress in nanoparticle-mediated RNA interference in insects: Unveiling new frontiers in pest control","volume":"167","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104749","article-title":"Successful oral RNA interference efficiency in the silkworm Bombyx mori through nanoparticle-shielded dsRNA delivery","volume":"161","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-3873-7_7","article-title":"Use of RNAi for control of insect crop pests","volume-title":"Arthropod-plant interactions, novel insights and approaches for IPM Progress in Biological Control","author":"Swevers","year":"2012"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53468-y","article-title":"The role of polymers in enabling RNAi-based technology for sustainable pest management","volume":"15","author":"Quilez-Molina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2010.11.006","article-title":"RNA interference in Lepidoptera: an overview of successful and unsuccessful studies and implications for experimental design","volume":"57","author":"Terenius","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.07229-11","article-title":"Targeting of dicer-2 and RNA by a viral RNA silencing suppressor in Drosophila cells","volume":"86","author":"Qi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004256","article-title":"Novel Drosophila viruses encode host-specific suppressors of RNAi","volume":"10","author":"Van Mierlo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2015.01.006","article-title":"RNA interference-mediated antiviral defense in insects","volume":"8","author":"Gammon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Insect Sci"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2021.12.007","article-title":"Virus and endogenous viral element-derived small non-coding RNAs and their roles in insect-virus interaction","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Insect Sci"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207213109","article-title":"The DNA virus Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 is a target of the Drosophila RNAi machinery","volume":"109","author":"Bronkhorst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102486","article-title":"Broad RNA interference-mediated antiviral immunity and virus-specific inducible responses in Drosophila","volume":"190","author":"Kemp","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055458","article-title":"Dicer-2 processes diverse viral RNA species","volume":"8","author":"Sabin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02362-09","article-title":"An Ascovirus-encoded RNase III autoregulates its expression and suppresses RNA interference-mediated gene silencing","volume":"84","author":"Hussain","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2014.03.010","article-title":"The long and short of antiviral defense: small RNA-based immunity in insects","volume":"7","author":"Bronkhorst","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1909183116","article-title":"DNA virus-encoded immune antagonist fully masks the potent antiviral activity of RNAi in Drosophila","volume":"116","author":"Bronkhorst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad.Sci. USA"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003579","article-title":"Functional specialization of the small interfering RNA pathway in response to virus infection","volume":"9","author":"Marques","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012184","article-title":"Argonaute 2 targets viral transcripts but not genomes of RNA viruses during antiviral RNA interference in Drosophila","volume":"21","author":"Silva","year":"2025","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112977","article-title":"Multifaceted contributions of Dicer2 to arbovirus transmission by Aedes aEgypti","volume":"42","author":"Merkling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-110615-042447","article-title":"Bugs are not to be silenced: Small RNA pathways and antiviral responses in insects","volume":"3","author":"Mongelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Virol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2010.08.007","article-title":"The piRNA pathway: A fly\u2019s perspective on the guardian of the genome","volume":"26","author":"Senti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1607952113","article-title":"piRNA pathway is not required for antiviral defense in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"113","author":"Petit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112220","article-title":"Viruses of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: A review with prospects for biological control","volume":"13","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2023.08.036","article-title":"Diversity of RNA viruses in agricultural insects","volume":"21","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compu. Struct Biotec"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.639092","article-title":"Insights into the antiviral pathways of the silkworm Bombyx mori","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.13363","article-title":"Systematic analysis of innate immune-related genes in the silkworm: Application to antiviral research","volume":"32","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Insect Sci"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.21616","article-title":"Antiviral defense against Cypovirus 1 (Reoviridae) infection in the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"103","author":"Swevers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.628151","article-title":"Advances in the arms race between silkworm and baculovirus","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120220-112317","article-title":"The mechanisms of silkworm resistance to the baculovirus and antiviral breeding","volume":"68","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121447","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of Bombyx mori larval midgut during persistent and pathogenic cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus infection","volume":"10","author":"Kolliopoulou","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2015.02.018","article-title":"Immune signaling pathways activated in response to different pathogenic micro-organisms in Bombyx mori","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01695-15","article-title":"Viral small-RNA analysis of Bombyx mori larval midgut during persistent and pathogenic Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus infection","volume":"89","author":"Zografidis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2017.07.020","article-title":"Enhancement of antiviral capacity of transgenic silkworms against cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus via knockdown of multiple viral genes","volume":"77","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04938-22","article-title":"Interaction between Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus NSP8 and BmAgo2 inhibits RNA interference and enhances virus proliferation","volume":"11","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24894","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24894","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of interactions between silkworm and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068209","article-title":"Involvement of microRNAs in infection of silkworm with Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV)","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.12671","article-title":"Functional analysis of a miRNA-like small RNA derived from Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus","volume":"27","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insect Sci"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.663482","article-title":"Two putative Cypovirus-encoded miRNAs co-regulate the host gene of GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran and facilitate virus replication","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12725","article-title":"Functional analysis of a putative Bombyx mori Cypovirus miRNA BmCPV-miR-10 and its effect on virus replication","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.21777","article-title":"Identification of long noncoding RNAs in silkworm larvae infected with Bombyx mori Cypovirus","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2017.1411461","article-title":"Identification and characterization of circular RNAs in the silkworm midgut following Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus infection","volume":"15","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2020.103430","article-title":"circEgg regulates histone H3K9me3 by sponging bmo-miR-3391-5p and encoding circEgg-P122 protein in the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"124","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.201","article-title":"Bombyx mori Akirin hijacks a viral peptide vSP27 encoded by BmCPV circRNA and activates the ROS-NF-\u03baB pathway against viral infection","volume":"194","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2023.103947","article-title":"BmCPV replication is suppressed by the activation of the NF-\u03baB\/autophagy pathway through the interaction of vsp21 translated by vcircRNA_000048 with ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase","volume":"156","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2022.104382","article-title":"A cypovirus encoded microRNA negatively regulates the NF-\u03baB pathway to enhance viral multiplication in Silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"131","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2024.108170","article-title":"Linc20486 promotes BmCPV replication through inhibiting the transcription of AGO2 and Dicers","volume":"206","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Invertebr. Pathol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.861007","article-title":"BmCPV-derived circular DNA vcDNA-S7 mediated by Bombyx mori reverse transcriptase (RT) regulates BmCPV infection","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2542","article-title":"RNA-mediated interference and reverse transcription control the persistence of RNA viruses in the insect model Drosophila","volume":"14","author":"Goic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.03.033","article-title":"Circulating immune cells mediate a systemic RNAi-based adaptive antiviral response in Drosophila","volume":"169","author":"Tassetto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsx056","article-title":"Transcriptome profiling reveals infection strategy of an insect maculavirus","volume":"25","author":"Katsuma","year":"2018","journal-title":"DNA Res"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071442","article-title":"PIWI proteins play an antiviral role in lepidopteran cell lines","volume":"14","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-019-01551-1","article-title":"Transcriptional response of immune-related genes after endogenous expression of VP1 and exogenous exposure to VP1-based VLPs and CPV virions in lepidopteran cell lines","volume":"294","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomics"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.097","article-title":"Characterization of virus-like particles assembled by co-expression of BmCPV capsid shell protein and large protrusion protein","volume":"209","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02041-12","article-title":"RNA interference as a cellular defense mechanism against the DNA virus baculovirus","volume":"86","author":"Jayachandran","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00802-15","article-title":"The baculovirus antiapoptotic p35 protein functions as an inhibitor of the host RNA interference antiviral response","volume":"89","author":"Mehrabadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2018.07.004","article-title":"Small interfering RNA pathway contributes to antiviral immunity in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells following Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection","volume":"101","author":"Karamipour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.21724","article-title":"Functional analysis of Dicer-2 gene in Bombyx mori resistance to BmNPV virus","volume":"105","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25431\/1824-307X\/isj.v13i1.291-297","article-title":"Virus-induced opposite effect on Bombyx mori gene transcriptions","volume":"13","author":"Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISJ"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.07.033","article-title":"Discovering microRNAs from Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrosis virus","volume":"407","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165865","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed microRNA in Bombyx mori infected with nucleopolyhedrosis virus","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.672205","article-title":"MicroRNA-mediated host-pathogen interactions between Bombyx mori and viruses","volume":"12","author":"Awais","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3912-9","article-title":"Inhibition of expression of BmNPV cg30 by bmo-miRNA-390 is a host response to baculovirus invasion","volume":"163","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.13318","article-title":"Bmo-miR-3351 modulates glutathione content and inhibits BmNPV proliferation by targeting BmGSTe6 in Bombyx mori","volume":"31","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Insect Sci"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8162","article-title":"MicroRNA bmo-miR-31-5p inhibits apoptosis and promotes BmNPV proliferation by targeting the CYP9e2 gene of Bombyx mori","volume":"80","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pest Manage Sci"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2020.107323","article-title":"Analysis of lncRNA-mediated gene regulatory network of Bombyx mori in response to BmNPV infection","volume":"170","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invertebr. Pathol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2018.08.008","article-title":"Circular RNA alterations in the Bombyx mori midgut following B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection","volume":"101","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2021.107537","article-title":"Integrative analysis of circRNA\/miRNA\/mRNA regulatory network reveals the potential immune function of circRNAs in the Bombyx mori fat body","volume":"179","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invertebr. Pathol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.01.017","article-title":"Inhibition of BmNPV replication in silkworm cells using inducible and regulated artificial microRNA precursors targeting the essential viral gene lef-11","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.12796","article-title":"The piRNA response to BmNPV infection in the silkworm fat body and midgut","volume":"28","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insect Sci"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600637RR","article-title":"piRNAs and their diverse roles: a transposable element-driven tactic for gene regulation","volume":"31","author":"Sarkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16858-6","article-title":"Piwi reduction in the aged niche eliminates germline stem cells via Toll-GSK3 signaling","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11101532","article-title":"Decoding stem cells: An overview on planarian stem cell heterogeneity and lineage progression","volume":"11","author":"Molina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01368-x","article-title":"Novel roles of PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs in human health and diseases","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.13160","article-title":"The piRNA pathway is required for nucleopolyhedrovirus replication in Lepidoptera","volume":"30","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Insect Sci"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2018.01.019","article-title":"The interaction between baculoviruses and their insect hosts","volume":"83","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180324","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2018.0324","article-title":"Cross-talking between baculoviruses and host insects towards a successful infection","volume":"374","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0268-6","article-title":"Control of dengue virus in the midgut of Aedes aEgypti by ectopic expression of the dsRNA-binding protein Loqs2","volume":"3","author":"Olmo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0265-9","article-title":"Immune priming and clearance of orally acquired RNA viruses in Drosophila","volume":"3","author":"Mondotte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1303193110","article-title":"ERK signaling couples nutrient status to antiviral defense in the insect gut","volume":"110","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004507","article-title":"The Toll-dorsal pathway is required for resistance to viral oral infection in Drosophila","volume":"10","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1412984112","article-title":"Antiviral immunity of Anopheles Gambiae is highly compartmentalized, with distinct roles for RNA interference and gut microbiota","volume":"112","author":"Carissimo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.10.010","article-title":"Microbiota-dependent priming of antiviral intestinal immunity in Drosophila","volume":"18","author":"Sansone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.07.016","article-title":"SnapShot: endogenous RNAi machinery and mechanisms","volume":"150","author":"Flamand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.048116.114","article-title":"Environmental RNAi in herbivorous insects","volume":"21","author":"Ivashuta","year":"2015","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13010057","article-title":"RNAi for western corn rootworm management: lessons learned, challenges, and future directions","volume":"13","author":"Darlington","year":"2022","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047534","article-title":"Characterizing the mechanism of action of double-stranded RNA activity against western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte)","volume":"7","author":"Bolognesi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157520","article-title":"Knockdown of RNA interference pathway genes in western corn rootworms (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte) demonstrates a possible mechanism of resistance to lethal dsRNA","volume":"11","author":"V\u00e9lez","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054270","article-title":"Physiological and cellular responses caused by RNAi- mediated suppression of Snf7 orthologue in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) larvae","volume":"8","author":"Ramaseshadri","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083985","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes caused by Snf7 RNAi in larval enterocytes of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte)","volume":"9","author":"Ko\u010di","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2015.05.011","article-title":"Parental RNA interference of genes involved in embryonic development of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte","volume":"63","author":"Khajuria","year":"2015","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210491","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the insecticidal activity of double-stranded RNA targeting the smooth septate junction of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.12382","article-title":"Systemic RNAi in western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, does not involve transitive pathways","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insect Sci"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4554","article-title":"Evaluation of SmartStax and SmartStax PRO maize against western corn rootworm and northern corn rootworm: efficacy and resistance management","volume":"73","author":"Head","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pest Manage Sci"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.728652","article-title":"First sprayable double-stranded RNA-based biopesticide product targets proteasome subunit beta type-5 in Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)","volume":"12","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800197-4.00005-1","article-title":"Progress towards RNAi mediated insect pest management","volume":"47","author":"Baum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Insect Physiol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00051","article-title":"A perspective on RNAi-based biopesticides","volume":"11","author":"Fletcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2025.05.006","article-title":"RNAi technologies for insect control in crop protection","volume":"13","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crop J"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209478","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2023.1209478","article-title":"RNAi turns 25: contributions and challenges in insect science","volume":"3","author":"Palli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Insect Sci"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2017.01.004","article-title":"Knockdown of nuclease activity in the gut enhances RNAi efficiency in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, but not in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria","volume":"81","author":"Spit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2322927121","article-title":"StaufenC facilitates utilization of the ERAD pathway to transport dsRNA through the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol","volume":"121","author":"Koo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-008-0238-8","article-title":"Larval RNAi in drosophila","volume":"218","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Genes Evol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-016-0736-9","article-title":"Oral RNAi to control Drosophila suzukii: laboratory testing against larval and adult stages","volume":"89","author":"Taning","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pest Sci"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2013.12.014","article-title":"DsRNA degradation in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) associated with lack ofresponse in RNAi feeding and injection assay","volume":"53","author":"Christiaens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6153","article-title":"Current scenario of RNAi-based hemipteran control","volume":"77","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pest Manage Sci"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00384","article-title":"Diverse factors affecting efficiency of RNAi in honey bee viruses","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13100928","article-title":"A comparison of RNA interference via injection and feeding in honey bees","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2016.1191728","article-title":"Reduced stability and intracellular transport of dsRNA contribute to poor RNAi response in lepidopteran insects","volume":"13","author":"Shukla","year":"2016","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2017.09.011","article-title":"Accumulation of dsRNA in endosomes contributes to inefficient RNA interference in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda","volume":"90","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12083","article-title":"Scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis facilitates RNA interference in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria","volume":"23","author":"Wynant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2013.12.008","article-title":"Identification, functional characterization and phylogenetic analysis of double stranded RNA degrading enzymes present in the gut of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria","volume":"46","author":"Wynant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17059","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17134-2","article-title":"Comparative analysis of double-stranded RNA degradation and processing in insects","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.790816","article-title":"Highly variable dietary RNAi sensitivity among Coleoptera","volume":"12","author":"Willow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.3390\/v11080738","article-title":"Generation of virus- and dsRNA-derived siRNAs with species-dependent length in insects","volume":"11","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02219-6","article-title":"Optimizing dsRNA sequences for RNAi in pest control and research with the dsRIP web platform","volume":"23","author":"Cedden","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2022.01.005","article-title":"cGAS-like receptor-mediated immunity: the insect perspective","volume":"74","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.874605","article-title":"The emerging role of STING in insect innate immune responses and pathogen evasion strategies","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10492","article-title":"Chromatin-associated RNA interference components contribute to transcriptional regulation in Drosophila","volume":"480","author":"Cernilogar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013093","article-title":"In vivo Dicer-2 interactome during viral infection reveals novel pro and antiviral factors in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"21","author":"Rousseau","year":"2025","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1664","article-title":"The DExD\/H-box helicase Dicer-2 mediates the induction of antiviral activity in drosophila","volume":"9","author":"Deddouche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.08.034","article-title":"The endogenous siRNA pathway in Drosophila impacts stress resistance and lifespan by regulating metabolic homeostasis","volume":"585","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202201417","article-title":"Ataxin-2, Twenty-four, and Dicer-2 are components of a noncanonical cytoplasmic polyadenylation complex","volume":"5","author":"Nadimpalli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci Alliance"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.065417.117","article-title":"Dicer-2 promotes mRNA activation through cytoplasmic polyadenylation","volume":"24","author":"Coll","year":"2018","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001668","article-title":"The Aedes aEgypti siRNA pathway mediates broad-spectrum defense against human pathogenic viruses and modulates antibacterial and antifungal defenses","volume":"20","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.3390\/v12070748","article-title":"aBravo is a novel Aedes aEgypti antiviral protein that interacts with, but acts independently of, the exogenous siRNA pathway effector Dicer 2","volume":"12","author":"Varjak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205231109","article-title":"Secreted Vago restricts West Nile virus infection in Culex mosquito cells by activating the Jak-STAT pathway","volume":"109","author":"Paradkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002823","article-title":"Dicer-2-dependent activation of Culex vago occurs via the TRAF-Rel2 signaling pathway","volume":"8","author":"Paradkar","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41370-y","article-title":"Aedes aEgypti Argonaute 2 controls arbovirus infection and host mortality","volume":"14","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005731","article-title":"Nora virus persistent infections are not affected by the RNAi machinery","volume":"4","author":"Habayeb","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05518-11","article-title":"RNA-based immunity terminates viral infection in adult Drosophila in the absence of viral suppression of RNA interference: characterization of viral small interfering RNA populations in wild-type and mutant flies","volume":"85","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813412106","article-title":"Dicing of viral replication intermediates during silencing of latent Drosophila viruses","volume":"106","author":"Flynt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006010","article-title":"Characterization of the Zika virus induced small RNA response in Aedes aEgypti cells","volume":"11","author":"Varjak","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800597","article-title":"Dicer-2 regulates resistance and maintains homeostasis against Zika virus infection in Drosophila","volume":"201","author":"Harsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00144-17","article-title":"Aedes aEgypti Piwi4 is a noncanonical PIWI protein involved in antiviral responses","volume":"2","author":"Varjak","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2023.09.005","article-title":"Re-evaluating the mosquito RNAi pathway\u2019s influence on arbovirus transmission","volume":"39","author":"Maringer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02052-10","article-title":"Antiviral RNA interference responses induced by Semliki Forest virus infection of mosquito cells: characterization, origin, and frequency-dependent functions of virus-derived small interfering RNAs","volume":"85","author":"Siu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20848-6","article-title":"Insights into RNAi-based antiviral immunity in Lepidoptera: acute and persistent infections in Bombyx mori and Trichoplusia ni cell lines","volume":"8","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.145314","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of Ago2 and Siwi in silkworm cultured cells","volume":"768","author":"Katsuma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2409233121","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA induces antiviral transcriptional response through the Dicer-2\/Ampk\/FoxO axis in an arthropod","volume":"121","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2015.10.001","article-title":"Arbovirus-mosquito interactions: RNAi pathway","volume":"15","author":"Olson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00890","article-title":"Arboviruses and the challenge to establish systemic and persistent infections in competent mosquito vectors: the interaction with the RNAi mechanism","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051183","article-title":"Identification and profiling of a novel Bombyx mori latent virus variant acutely infecting Helicoverpa armigera and Trichoplusia ni","volume":"15","author":"Verdonckt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066007","article-title":"Characterization of rice black-streaked dwarf virus- and rice stripe virus-derived siRNAs in singly and doubly infected insect vector Laodelphax striatellus","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65810.sa2","article-title":"Transient kinetic studies of the antiviral Drosophila Dicer-2 reveal roles of ATP in self-nonself discrimination","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04911-x","article-title":"Structural insights into dsRNA processing by Drosophila Dicer-2-Loqs-PD","volume":"607","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517124112","article-title":"FOXO regulates RNA interference in Drosophila and protects from RNA virus infection","volume":"112","author":"Spellberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.10.029","article-title":"Insulin potentiates JAK\/STAT signaling to broadly inhibit flavivirus replication in insect vectors","volume":"29","author":"Ahlers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114581","article-title":"Increased viral tolerance mediates by antiviral RNA interference in bat cells","volume":"43","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00319","article-title":"The possible impact of persistent virus infection on the function of the RNAi machinery in insects: a hypothesis","volume":"4","author":"Swevers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2020.1861816","article-title":"Dissecting protein domain variability in the core RNA interference machinery of five insect orders","volume":"18","author":"Arraes","year":"2021","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.034.001","article-title":"The insect virome: opportunities and challenges","volume":"2020","author":"Bonning","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00039-20","article-title":"Abundant and diverse RNA viruses in insects revealed by RNA-seq analysis: Ecological and evolutionary Implications","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2025.03.005","article-title":"The diversity, pathogenic spectrum, and ecological significance of arthropod viruses","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3390\/v12050509","article-title":"Iflavirus covert infection increases susceptibility to nucleopolyhedrovirus disease in Spodoptera exigua","volume":"12","author":"Carballo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008467","article-title":"Novel partiti-like viruses are conditional mutualistic symbionts in their normal lepidopteran host, African armyworm, but parasitic in a novel host, Fall armyworm","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2016.09.001","article-title":"Persistent RNA virus infection of lepidopteran cell lines: interactions with the RNAi machinery","author":"Swevers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2213701120","article-title":"RNA interference is essential to modulating the pathogenesis of mosquito-borne viruses in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aEgypti","volume":"120","author":"Samuel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02225-8","article-title":"Limited impact of the siRNA pathway on transposable element expression in Aedes aEgypti","volume":"23","author":"Bergman","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.067173.118","article-title":"Dual-layer transposon repression in heads of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"24","author":"Van Den Beek","year":"2018","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7009","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27192-w","article-title":"Cross-species analysis of viral nucleic acid interacting proteins identifies TAOKs as innate immune regulators","volume":"12","author":"Pennemann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1500228","article-title":"Drosophila Dicer-2 has an RNA interference-independent function that modulates Toll immune signaling","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.06.023","article-title":"Stem-loop recognition by DDX17 facilitates miRNA processing and antiviral defense","volume":"158","author":"Moy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2012.05.001","article-title":"Induction of RNA interference genes by double-stranded RNA; implications for susceptibility to RNA interference","volume":"42","author":"Garbutt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2013.03.013","article-title":"Transcriptional response of BmToll9\u20131 and RNAi machinery genes to exogenous dsRNA in the midgut of Bombyx mori","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.21640","article-title":"Comparative analysis of dsRNA-induced lncRNAs in three kinds of insect species","volume":"103","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-012-0404-x","article-title":"Super-induction of Dicer-2 expression by alien double-stranded RNAs: an evolutionary ancient response to viral infection","volume":"222","author":"Lozano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev Genes Evol"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01906","article-title":"Induction of RNAi core machinery\u2019s gene expression by exogenous dsRNA and the effects of pre-exposure to dsRNA on the gene silencing efficiency in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.adg0876","article-title":"Pleiotropic functions of TAO kinases and their dysregulation in neurological disorders","volume":"17","author":"Byeon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/sqb.2019.84.039750","article-title":"Dicer\u2019s helicase domain: A meeting place for regulatory proteins","volume":"84","author":"Hansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Symp Quant. Biol"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr423","article-title":"Functional conservation in human and Drosophila of Metazoan ADAR2 involved in RNA editing: loss of ADAR1 in insects","volume":"39","author":"Keegan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.11.033","article-title":"The competitive landscape of the dsRNA world","volume":"84","author":"Cottrell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.70073","article-title":"BmADARa cooperatively inhibits BmNPV proliferation through the interaction of its dsRBD2 with BmDcr-2-DEXHc in silkworm, Bombyx mori","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Insect Sci"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15435-1","article-title":"Adar RNA editing-dependent and -independent effects are required for brain and innate immune functions in Drosophila","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0288-3","article-title":"RIG-I-like receptors: their regulation and roles in RNA sensing","volume":"20","author":"Rehwinkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaq0921","article-title":"Dicer uses distinct modules for recognizing dsRNA termini","volume":"359","author":"Sinha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.077289.120","article-title":"In vitro studies provide insight into effects of Dicer-2 helicase mutations in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"26","author":"Donelick","year":"2020","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010202","article-title":"Mutational analysis of Aedes aEgypti Dicer 2 provides insights into the biogenesis of antiviral exogenous small interfering RNAs","volume":"18","author":"Gestuveo","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.080149.124","article-title":"The PAZ domain of Aedes aEgypti Dicer 2 is critical for accurate and high-fidelity size determination of virus-derived small interfering RNAs","volume":"31","author":"Reuter","year":"2025","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00699-22","article-title":"Multiple viral protein genome-linked proteins compensate for viral translation in a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus infection","volume":"96","author":"Warsaba","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.10.002","article-title":"Strategies of highly pathogenic RNA viruses to block dsRNA detection by RIG-I-like receptors: hide, mask, hit","volume":"100","author":"Zinzula","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.12.006","article-title":"lncRNA sensing of a viral suppressor of RNAi activates non-canonical innate immune signaling in Drosophila","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3120","article-title":"RNA silencing suppression by plant pathogens: defence, counter-defence and counter-counter-defence","volume":"11","author":"Pumplin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-11-179","article-title":"Dicer partners expand the repertoire of miRNA targets","volume":"13","author":"Jaskiewicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.1611309","article-title":"Processing of Drosophila endo-siRNAs depends on a specific Loquacious isoform","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1735","article-title":"Loqs and R2D2 act sequentially in the siRNA pathway in Drosophila","volume":"17","author":"Marques","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.03.012","article-title":"Drosophila Dicer-2 cleavage Is mediated by helicase- and dsRNA termini-dependent states that are modulated by Loquacious-PD","volume":"58","author":"Sinha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24555-1","article-title":"Single-molecule analysis of processive double-stranded RNA cleavage by Drosophila Dicer-2","volume":"12","author":"Naganuma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.12.024","article-title":"Roles of R2D2, a cytoplasmic D2 body component, in the endogenous siRNA pathway in Drosophila","volume":"49","author":"Nishida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605210103","article-title":"A genomewide screen for components of the RNAi pathway in Drosophila cultured cells","volume":"103","author":"Dorner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B207","article-title":"Functional analysis of the RNAi response in ovary-derived silkmoth Bm5 cells. Insect Biochem","volume":"42","author":"Kolliopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2022.103865","article-title":"Both LmDicer-1 and two LmDicer-2s participate in siRNA-mediated RNAi pathway and contribute to high gene silencing efficiency in Locusta migratoria","volume":"151","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"002046","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.002046","article-title":"Dicer-2 mutations in Aedes aEgypti cells lead to a diminished antiviral function against Rift Valley fever virus and Bunyamwera virus infection","volume":"105","author":"Dornbusch","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110976","article-title":"Invading viral DNA triggers dsRNA synthesis by RNA polymerase II to activate antiviral RNA interference in Drosophila","volume":"39","author":"De Faria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv152","article-title":"The hub protein loquacious connects the microRNA and short interfering RNA pathways in mosquitoes","volume":"43","author":"Haac","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010329","article-title":"Arbovirus-vector protein interactomics identifies Loquacious as a co-factor for dengue virus replication in Aedes mosquitoes","volume":"18","author":"Besson","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-024-01821-4","article-title":"Neofunctionalization driven by positive selection led to the retention of the loqs2 gene encoding an Aedes specific dsRNA binding protein","volume":"22","author":"Estevez-Castro","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010163","article-title":"Loquacious modulates flaviviral RNA replication in mosquito cells","volume":"18","author":"Shivaprasad","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203160","article-title":"Identification and comparison of key RNA interference machinery from western corn rootworm, fall armyworm, and southern green stink bug","volume":"13","author":"Davis-Vogel","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2021.1960687","article-title":"Coleopteran-specific StaufenC functions like Drosophila melanogaster Loquacious-PD in dsRNA processing","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1809381115","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA binding protein, Staufen, is required for the initiation of RNAi in coleopteran insects","volume":"115","author":"Yoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2023.2223484","article-title":"Three alternative splicing variants of Loquacious play different roles in miRNA- and siRNA-mediated RNAi pathways in Locusta migratoria","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12090812","article-title":"Molecular characterizations and functional analyses of LmR2D2 in the Locusta migratoria siRNA Pathway","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2015.07.011","article-title":"Loqs depends on R2D2 to localize in D2 body-like granules and functions in RNAi pathways in silkworm cells","volume":"64","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020250","article-title":"Search for limiting factors in the RNAi pathway in silkmoth tissues and the Bm5 cell line: the RNA binding proteins R2D2 and Translin","volume":"6","author":"Swevers","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evw281","article-title":"Phylogenetic origin and diversification of RNAi pathway genes in insects","volume":"8","author":"Dowling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-025-02733-6","article-title":"A resource of RNA-binding protein motifs across eukaryotes reveals evolutionary dynamics and gene-regulatory function","author":"Sasse","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.31628","article-title":"The genome of the Hi5 germ cell line from Trichoplusia ni, an agricultural pest and novel model for small RNA biology","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cris.2025.100108","article-title":"A model that integrates the different piRNA biogenesis pathways based on studies in silkworm BmN4 cells","volume":"7","author":"Verdonckt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Res Insect Sci"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA117.001553","article-title":"A nuclease specific to lepidopteran insects suppresses RNAi","volume":"293","author":"Guan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01768","article-title":"The in vivo dsRNA cleavage has sequence preference in insects","volume":"9","author":"Guan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-4398-3_18","article-title":"Degradome sequencing","volume":"2900","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.22071","article-title":"Single domain von Willebrand factor type C \u201ccytokines\u201d and the regulation of the stress\/immune response in insects","volume":"115","author":"Labropoulou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1237","article-title":"The Jak-STAT signaling pathway is required but not sufficient for the antiviral response of drosophila","volume":"6","author":"Dostert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114678","article-title":"An evolutionary perspective to innate antiviral immunity in animals","volume":"43","author":"Marques","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.167643","article-title":"JAK\/STAT signaling in stem cells and regeneration: from Drosophila to vertebrates","volume":"146","author":"Herrera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-37085-1","article-title":"Effects of PmDOME and PmSTAT knockdown on white spot syndrome virus infection in Penaeus monodon","volume":"13","author":"Laohawutthichai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116155","article-title":"Insect dome receptor directly recognizes viral envelopes to activate JAK\/STAT signaling and induce conserved antiviral viperin expression","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku569","article-title":"Molecular evolutionary and structural analysis of the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS and STING","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59753.sa2","article-title":"Structures of diverse poxin cGAMP nucleases reveal a widespread role for cGAS-STING evasion in host-pathogen conflict","volume":"9","author":"Eaglesham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03800-z","article-title":"Two cGAS-like receptors induce antiviral immunity in Drosophila","volume":"597","author":"Holleufer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03743-5","article-title":"cGAS-like receptors sense RNA and control 3\u20192\u2019-cGAMP signalling in Drosophila","volume":"597","author":"Slavik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.115081","article-title":"cGAS-like receptors drive a systemic STING-dependent host response in Drosophila","volume":"43","author":"Ai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.08.017","article-title":"A universe of second messengers for cGLR-STING signaling","volume":"56","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.07.013","article-title":"The kinase IKK\u03b2 regulates a STING- and NF-\u03baB-dependent antiviral response pathway in Drosophila","volume":"49","author":"Goto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae032","article-title":"nvestigating the evolution of Drosophila STING-dependent antiviral innate immunity by multispecies comparison of 2\u20193\u2019-cGAMP responses","volume":"41","author":"H\u00e9delin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012672","article-title":"Tissue specific innate immune responses impact viral infection in Drosophila","volume":"20","author":"Segrist","year":"2024","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.029","article-title":"Analysis of Drosophila STING reveals an evolutionarily conserved antimicrobial function","volume":"23","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.022","article-title":"Inflammation-induced, STING-dependent autophagy restricts Zika virus infection in the Drosophila brain","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67358","article-title":"Drosophila STING protein has a role in lipid metabolism","volume":"10","author":"Akhmetova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.05.009","article-title":"Viral infection disrupts intestinal homeostasis via Sting dependent NF-kB signaling in Drosophila","volume":"34","author":"Nigg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA117.000194","article-title":"Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) provides insect antiviral immunity by promoting Dredd caspase-mediated NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"293","author":"Hua","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12080707","article-title":"Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus p26 is associated with viral late stage replication","volume":"12","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6934","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34761-0","article-title":"Dual roles and evolutionary implications of P26\/poxin in antagonizing intracellular cGAS-STING and extracellular melanization immunity","volume":"13","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.156018","article-title":"Toll and Toll-like receptor signalling in development","volume":"145","author":"Anthoney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0403160","article-title":"Biology of Toll receptors: lessons from insects and mammals","volume":"75","author":"Imler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Leukoc. Biol"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2103021118","article-title":"Toll9 from Bombyx mori functions as a pattern recognition receptor that shares features with Toll-like receptor 4 from mammals","volume":"118","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02214-24","article-title":"Drosophila melanogaster Toll-9 elicits antiviral immunity against Drosophila C virus","volume":"99","author":"Chauhan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-07886-7","article-title":"Evolution of Toll, Spatzle and MyD8,8 in insects: the problem of the Diptera bias","volume":"22","author":"Lima","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2009.08.010","article-title":"BmToll9, an Arthropod conservative Toll, is likely involved in the local gut immune response in the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.22130","article-title":"Immunological function of Bombyx Toll9\u20132 in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) larval midgut: activation by Escherichia coli\/lipopolysaccharide and regulation of growth","volume":"116","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Insect Biochem"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2014.05.008","article-title":"Modulation of the transcriptional response of innate immune and RNAi genes upon exposure to dsRNA and LPS in silkmoth-derived Bm5 cells overexpressing BmToll9\u20131 receptor","volume":"66","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104860","article-title":"Transcriptional activation of BmToll9\u20132 to exogenous dsRNA in the larvae of Bombyx mori","volume":"165","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2415398121","article-title":"A myeloid differentiation-like protein in partnership with Toll5 from the pest insect Spodoptera litura senses baculovirus infection","volume":"121","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15121005","article-title":"Similarly to BmToll9-1, BmToll9\u20132 is a positive regulator of the immune response in the silkworm Bombyx mori","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15090643","article-title":"BmToll9\u20131 is a positive regulator of the immune response in the silkworm Bombyx mori","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16060621","article-title":"Activation of BmToll9\u20131 in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) larval midgut by Escherichia coli and regulation of growth","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2025.101458","article-title":"Small RNAs in insects: emerging classes and functions","volume":"73","author":"Cedden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Opin Insect Sci"},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.TM118.004166","article-title":"Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1), a suppressor of double-stranded RNA-triggered innate immune responses","volume":"294","author":"Samuel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adr2991","article-title":"The perfect pesticide","volume":"384","author":"Stokstad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00679","article-title":"Assessing the risks of topically applied dsRNA-based products to non-target arthropods","volume":"11","author":"Romeis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6835","article-title":"Toxicity of a novel dsRNA-based insecticide to the Colorado potato beetle in laboratory and field trials","volume":"78","author":"Pallis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pest Manage Sci"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8098","article-title":"Biosafety aspects of RNAi-based pests control","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1527944","article-title":"Spray-induced gene silencing for crop protection: recent advances and emerging trends","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.141530","article-title":"DsRNA-based pesticides: Considerations for efficiency and risk assessment","volume":"352","author":"Dalakouras","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12986","article-title":"Insecticide resistance management scenarios differ for RNA-based sprays and traits","volume":"34","author":"Narva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12230-025-09979-5","article-title":"Responses of non-target arthropods to the dsRNA bioinsecticide Calantha\u2122 and conventional insecticides targeting Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)","volume":"102","author":"Wenninger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Potato Res"},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941897","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/941897","article-title":"RNAi and antiviral defense in the honey bee","volume":"2015","author":"Brutscher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06623-z","article-title":"Virus and dsRNA-triggered transcriptional responses reveal key components of honey bee antiviral defense","volume":"7","author":"Brutscher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Insect Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/finsc.2025.1749008\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T06:32:38Z","timestamp":1768545158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/finsc.2025.1749008\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"references-count":275,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/finsc.2025.1749008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/finsc.2025.1749008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-8600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-8600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"article-number":"1749008"}}