{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:50:30Z","timestamp":1791841830379,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Insect Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mosquitoes of the genera\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                    are of major medical importance as vectors of malaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Understanding their morphology and bionomics is fundamental for vector biology, ecological studies, and the design of effective control strategies. Laboratory colonies of mosquitoes serve as an indispensable resource for investigating mosquito genetics, physiology, and vector\u2013pathogen interactions, while also enabling the evaluation of new interventions such as Wolbachia-based control and the sterile insect technique. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the morphology and bionomics of key mosquito vectors and outlines advances in colony establishment, rearing, and maintenance. Particular attention is given to larval and adult diet, environmental conditions, oviposition, blood-feeding methods, and strategies to minimize inbreeding and maintain microbial balance in colonies. Challenges including genetic drift, colony adaptation, and maintenance of representative field traits are discussed alongside emerging solutions. By integrating classical entomological knowledge with recent innovations in rearing technology, this review highlights the central role of sustainable mosquito colonies in strengthening basic research and supporting applied approaches for vector-borne disease control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2026.1766919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T10:54:26Z","timestamp":1776423266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Establishing and sustaining mosquito colonies: insights into morphology, bionomics, and advances in the rearing of Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Irrusappan","family":"Hari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Virology","place":["Pune, Maharashtra, India"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research","place":["Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"]},{"name":"ICMR-National Institute for Vector Control Research","place":["Puducherry, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prajwal","family":"Gaikwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Virology","place":["Pune, Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanket Kumar","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Virology","place":["Pune, Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Antony","family":"Jenish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Virology","place":["Pune, Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tharani","family":"Priya P","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bharathidasan University","place":["Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalichamy","family":"Alagarasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Virology","place":["Pune, Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balasubramanian","family":"Rathinam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Virology","place":["Pune, Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balachandar","family":"Vellingiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central University of Punjab","place":["Bathinda, Punjab, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devakumar","family":"Dinesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central University of Punjab","place":["Bathinda, Punjab, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalpana","family":"Baruah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Vector Borne Diseases Control","place":["Delhi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139002967","volume-title":"Medical entomology for students","author":"Service","year":"2012"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.55446\/IJE.2024.1392","article-title":"\u2018A systematic review on the distribution and density of aedes species in the hindu-kush himalayan countries\u2019","volume":"86","author":"Sukupayo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Entomology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003056034-3","article-title":"\u2018The mosquito\u2019","volume-title":"Mosquitopia","author":"Hawkes","year":"2021"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR2016.6165","article-title":"\u2018In vitro studies of larvicidal effects of some plant extracts against anopheles Gambiae larvae (Diptera: culicidae)\u2019","volume":"11","author":"Okbatinsae","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Medicinal Plants Res"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007930","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007930","article-title":"\u2018Genetic diversity of laboratory strains and implications for research: the case of aedes aEgypti\u2019","volume":"13","author":"Gloria-Soria","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6726622","article-title":"\u2018Review of anopheles mosquito species, abundance, and distribution in Ethiopia\u2019","volume":"2021","author":"Adugna","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/54695","article-title":"\u2018The phylogeny and classification of anopheles\u2019","volume-title":"Anopheles mosquitoes - 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