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Insect Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study evaluates two nanocarrier systems, clay-based magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) and the cell-penetrating peptide PepFect14 (PF14), for delivering double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting the\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1COP<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in\n                    <jats:italic>Brassicogethes aeneus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Both carriers successfully formed stable complexes and protected dsRNA from degradation under simulated gut conditions. PF14 produced small, uniform nanoparticles (&amp;lt;120 nm), whereas MgAl-LDH generated substantially larger particles (~416 nm), potentially limiting cellular uptake. Feeding assays revealed that naked dsRNA caused high mortality (93% by day 12), while PF14-complexed dsRNA induced substantial mortality (70%) with a delayed onset. In contrast, MgAl-LDH-complexed dsRNA achieved only 22% mortality despite providing strong protection against degradation. mRNA expression analysis at day 3 and 6 showed moderate, statistically insignificant early\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1COP<\/jats:italic>\n                    downregulation, consistent with delayed intracellular processing. At higher concentrations (600 ng\/\u00b5L), naked dsRNA strongly suppressed\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1COP<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcripts (100%), whereas MgAl-LDH complexes produced only modest knockdown (63.6%). Overall, these findings suggest that while MgAl-LDH offer robust dsRNA stabilization, its delivery efficiency may be constrained by particle size and gut physiology. PF14 demonstrates promise as a carrier enabling sustained delivery with delayed onset, whereas MgAl-LDH requires higher dsRNA doses to achieve comparable effects. Carrier selection should balance dsRNA stability with timely release and account for species-specific gut barriers to optimize RNAi-based pest control strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2026.1872725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:39:16Z","timestamp":1785821956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of CPP and LDH nanocarriers for dsRNA efficiency in Brassicogethes aeneus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Triin","family":"Kallavus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences","place":["Tartu, Estonia"]},{"name":"Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University","place":["Ghent, 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