{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:15:58Z","timestamp":1788419758963,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Insect Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Larval diet plays a crucial role in mosquito development and fitness by influencing both larval and adult traits. During the aquatic stage, mosquitoes acquire essential nutrients required for successful metamorphosis and adult emergence. Interactions between larval nutrition and bacterial endosymbionts such as\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      further influence mosquito development, with important implications for field-based vector control strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We evaluated the effects of four larval diets on fitness characteristics of\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      -transinfected and uninfected\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. The diets tested were: LD1 (fish feed), LD2 (laboratory rodent diet), LD3 (mushroom powder), and LD4 (dog biscuit plus brewer\u2019s yeast). We assessed wing length and body weight in\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      -transinfected strains (\n                      <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>\n                      Mel and\n                      <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>\n                      AlbB) and uninfected strains across two generations of\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      reared under each larval diet regimen. Additionally,\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      density was measured in the transinfected\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains using real-time PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Female wing length was significantly influenced by the interaction between diet,\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain, and generation (Diet \u00d7 Strain \u00d7 Generation: F\u00a0=\u00a03.98, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0044\n                      <jats:bold>),<\/jats:bold>\n                      together with significant Diet \u00d7 Strain (F\u00a0=\u00a03.05, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0135. In contrast, male wing length was primarily affected by diet (F\u00a0=\u00a014.11, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and the Diet \u00d7 Generation interaction (F\u00a0=\u00a05.58, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0019). Male body weight also showed a significant three-way interaction among diet, strain, and generation (F\u00a0=\u00a08.95, P &amp;lt; 0.001), indicating strain- and generation-specific dietary responses. Female body weight exhibited significant Diet \u00d7 Strain (F\u00a0=\u00a03.43, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0069 and Strain \u00d7 Generation (F\u00a0=\u00a07.79, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0012) interactions. Overall, larval diet was the primary determinant of mosquito fitness, with its effects modified by\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection status and generation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study emphasizes that larval diet significantly influences the fitness of both\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia-<\/jats:italic>\n                      transinfected and uninfected\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. LD1 and LD4 showed improved wing development and fitness compared to LD2 and LD3, with sex-specific effects observed. Based on the analysis, LD1 is recommended for routine mass rearing of\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      trans-infected mosquitoes. These findings highlight the need for future studies on cost-effective, locally available diet formulations to optimize mosquito fitness for vector control strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2026.1887426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:41:24Z","timestamp":1788417684000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Larval diet-mediated morphological trait and Wolbachia density variation in Wolbachia-transinfected (wMel and wAlbB) and Wolbachia-free Aedes aegypti mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Aravind","family":"Revi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Vector Control Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government Of India, Medical 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