{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:44:48Z","timestamp":1790545488769,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T05:00:11Z","timestamp":1556859611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Story of the Dopamine Transporter PET Tracer LBT-999: From Conception to Clinical Use"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Chalon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Vercouillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Payoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Bernard","family":"Deloye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Malherbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Le Jeune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Arlicot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Sophie","family":"Salabert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Guilloteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Emond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Joao","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.11.021","article-title":"The role of dopamine in the brain \u2013 lessons learned from Parkinson's disease","volume":"190","author":"Meder","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00350","article-title":"Single quantum dot imaging reveals PKC\u03b2-dependent alterations in membrane diffusion and clustering of an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder \/ autism \/ bipolar disorder-associated dopamine transporter variant","volume":"10","author":"Thal","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7302-2","article-title":"Dopamine receptor mapping with PET imaging in Parkinson's disease","volume":"261","author":"Niccolini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.7.2721","article-title":"Dopa decarboxylase activity of the living human brain","volume":"88","author":"Gjegge","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-005-1904-y","article-title":"Comparison of FP-CIT SPECT with F-DOPA PET in patients with de novo and advanced Parkinson's disease","volume":"33","author":"Eshuis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200004)47:4<493::AID-ANA13>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"In vivo positron emission tomographic evidence for compensatory changes in presynaptic dopaminergic nerve terminals in Parkinson's disease","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.4.580","article-title":"Dopaminergic function and dopamine transporter binding assessed with positron emission tomography in Parkinson disease","volume":"59","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21320","article-title":"Dihydrotetrabenazine positron emission tomography imaging in early, untreated Parkinson's disease","volume":"63","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.070094","article-title":"In vivo measurement of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 density in Parkinson disease with 18F-AV-133","volume":"51","author":"Okamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nucl Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e025533","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025533","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of imaging brain vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) in clinically uncertain parkinsonian syndrome (CUPS): a 3-year follow-up study in community patients","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27183","article-title":"11C-PE2I and 18F-Dopa PET for assessing progression rate in Parkinson's: a longitudinal study","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4019-y","article-title":"The role of 18F-FP-CIT PET in differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy and frontotemporal dementia in the early stage","volume":"45","author":"Yoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2018.11.004","article-title":"Presynaptic regulation of dopamine release: Role of the DAT and VMAT2 transporters","volume":"122","author":"Mulvihill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem Int."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.12.009","article-title":"Molecular imaging of dopamine transporter","volume":"30","author":"Brooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Res Rev."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11965","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.24.11965","article-title":"Single photon emission computed tomographic imaging demonstrates loss of striatal dopamine transporters in Parkinson disease","volume":"90","author":"Innis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890120104","article-title":"High-affinity binding of [125I]RTI-55 to dopamine and serotonin transporters in rat brain","volume":"12","author":"Boja","year":"1992","journal-title":"Synapse."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1994.131","article-title":"Graphical, kinetic, and equilibrium analyses of in vivo [123I] beta-CIT binding to dopamine transporters in healthy human subjects","volume":"14","author":"Laruelle","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1021\/jm960795d","article-title":"Synthesis and ligand binding of nortropane derivatives: N-substituted 2\u03b2-Carbomethoxy-3\u03b2-(4\u2032-iodophenyl)nortropane and N-(3-Iodoprop-(2E)-enyl)-2\u03b2-carbomethoxy-3\u03b2-(3\u2032,4\u2032-disubstituted phenyl)nortropane. New high-affinity and selective compounds for the dopamine transporter","volume":"40","author":"Emond","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Med Chem."},{"key":"B19","first-page":"648","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of (E)-N-(3-iodoprop-2-enyl)-2\u03b2-Carbomethoxy-3\u03b2-(4\u2032-methylphenyl)nortropane as a selective and potent inhibitor of the neuronal dopamine transporter","volume":"291","author":"Chalon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2007.00033.x","article-title":"PE2I: a radiopharmaceutical for in vivo exploration of the dopamine transporter","volume":"14","author":"Emond","year":"2008","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-011-1976-9","article-title":"Predictive value of dopamine SPECT imaging with [123I]PE2I in patients with subtle parkinsonian symptoms","volume":"39","author":"Ziebell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.114.148619","article-title":"Use of [11C]PE2I PET in differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian disorders","volume":"56","author":"Appel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nucl Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.04.009","article-title":"Increase in thalamic binding of [11C]PE2I in patients with schizophrenia: a positron emission tomography study of dopamine transporter","volume":"43","author":"Arakawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw192","article-title":"Striatal and extrastriatal dopamine transporter availability in schizophrenia and its clinical correlates: a voxel-based and high-resolution PET study","volume":"43","author":"Artiges","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bull."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.009","article-title":"Reduced midbrain dopamine transporter binding in male adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: association between striatal dopamine markers and motor hyperactivity","volume":"57","author":"Jucaite","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.183","article-title":"Dopamine transporter and reward anticipation in a dimensional perspective: a multimodal brain imaging study","volume":"43","author":"Dubol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.096792","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of (E)-N-(4-fluorobut-2-enyl)-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4'-tolyl)nortropane (LBT-999) as a highly promising fluorinated ligand for the dopamine transporter","volume":"317","author":"Chalon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2005.09.035","article-title":"Synthesis, radiosynthesis and in vivo preliminary evaluation of [11C]LBT-999, a selective radioligand for the visualization of the dopamine transporter with PET","volume":"14","author":"Doll\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.1092","article-title":"Radiosynthesis of [18F]LBT-999, a selective radioligand for the visualization of the dopamine transporter with PET","volume":"49","author":"Doll\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Labelled Compd Rad."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.1412","article-title":"One-step radiosynthesis of [18F]LBT-999: a selective radioligand for the visualization of the dopamine transporter with PET","volume":"50","author":"Doll\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Labelled Compd Rad."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-8051(97)00224-2","article-title":"Exploration of the Dopamine Transporter: in vitro and in vivo characterization of a high-affinity and high-specificity iodinated tropane Derivative (E)-N-(3-iodoprop-2-enyl)-2\u03b2-carbomethoxy-3\u03b2-(4\u2032-methylphenyl) nortropane (PE2I)","volume":"25","author":"Guilloteau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nucl Med Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.089953","article-title":"Imaging of the striatal and extrastriatal dopamine transporter with 18F-LBT-999: quantification, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry in nonhuman primates","volume":"52","author":"Varrone","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nucl Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2013.09.007","article-title":"In vivo PET quantification of the dopamine transporter in rat brain with [18F]LBT-999","volume":"41","author":"S\u00e9rri\u00e8re","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucl Med Biol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22077","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.22077","article-title":"Extensive exploration of a novel rat model of Parkinson's disease using partial 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of dopaminergic neurons suggests new therapeutic approaches","volume":"73","author":"Vetel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Synapse."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2015.00061","article-title":"Assessment of the protection of dopaminergic neurons by an alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonist, PHA 543613 using [(18)F]LBT-999 in a Parkinson's disease rat model","volume":"2","author":"S\u00e9rri\u00e8re","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2014.09.017","article-title":"Human ESC-derived dopamine neurons show similar preclinical efficacy and potency to fetal neurons when grafted in a rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Grealish","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"key":"B37","first-page":"276","article-title":"PET imaging of Dopamine Transporter with 18F-LBT999: first human exploration","volume":"58","author":"Arlicot","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nucl Med."},{"key":"B38","first-page":"413","article-title":"A simplified method for the diagnosis of striatal dopaminergic dysfunction using PET with a new fluorine DAT tracer, the 18F-LBT-999","volume":"58","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nucl Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002529","article-title":"Correlation of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT imaging findings and clinical staging of Parkinson's disease","volume":"44","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-018-0450-0","article-title":"Dopamine transporter imaging with [18F]FE-PE2I PET and [123I]FP-CIT SPECT-a clinical comparison","volume":"8","author":"Jakobson Mo","year":"2018","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmed.2019.00090\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T05:00:15Z","timestamp":1556859615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmed.2019.00090\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2019.00090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2019.00090","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"article-number":"90"}}