{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:19:22Z","timestamp":1784132362671,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T04:42:02Z","timestamp":1559104922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Novel and Future Therapeutic Drugs for Advanced Mycosis Fungoides and S\u00e9zary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Oka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomitsu","family":"Miyagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190310001623766","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: epidemiology, etiology, and classification","volume":"44","author":"Willemze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.02.027","article-title":"European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus recommendations for the treatment of mycosis fungoides\/S\u00e9zary syndrome \u2013 Update 2017","volume":"77","author":"Trautinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.7665","article-title":"Survival outcomes and prognostic factors in mycosis fungoides\/s\u00e9zary syndrome: validation of the revised international society for Cutaneous Lymphomas\/European Organisation for research and treatment of cancer staging proposal","volume":"28","author":"Agar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1159\/000472257","article-title":"Innovative treatment concepts for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma based on microenvironment modulation","volume":"40","author":"Leuchte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol Res Treat"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2015.05.014","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplant for Mycosis fungoides and s\u00e9zary syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Virmani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.52.0924","article-title":"Multicenter Phase II Study of Mogamulizumab (KW-0761), a Defucosylated Anti-CC Chemokine Receptor 4 Antibody, in Patients With Relapsed Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma and Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"32","author":"Ogura","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-09-600924","article-title":"Phase 1\/2 study of mogamulizumab, a defucosylated anti-CCR4 antibody, in previously treated patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"125","author":"Duvic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30379-6","article-title":"Mogamulizumab versus vorinostat in previously treated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (MAVORIC): an international, open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3750","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.3969","article-title":"Phase II investigator-initiated study of brentuximab vedotin in mycosis fungoides and s\u00e9zary syndrome with variable CD30 expression level: a multi-institution collaborative project","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3759","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.3787","article-title":"Results of a phase II trial of brentuximab vedotin for CD30+ cutaneous t-cell lymphoma and lymphomatoid papulosis","volume":"33","author":"Duvic","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31266-7","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin or physician's choice in CD30-positive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (ALCANZA): an international, open-label, randomised, phase 3, multicentre trial","volume":"390","author":"Prince","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4267","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2802","article-title":"Phase 2 study of alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody) in patients with advanced mycosis fungoides\/Sezary syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Lundin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.9789","article-title":"Nivolumab in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancy: preliminary results of a phase Ib study","volume":"34","author":"Lesokhin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.181.181","article-title":"Pembrolizumab for treatment of relapsed\/refractory mycosis fungoides and sezary syndrome: clinical efficacy in a citn multicenter phase 2 study","volume":"128","author":"Khodadoust","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B15","article-title":"IPH4102, the first-in-class anti- KIR3DL2 mAb, is safe and clinically active in advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients: results from the dose-escalation part of the IPH4102\u2013101 phase I study","volume-title":"European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer: Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force","author":"Bagot","year":"2017"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-118021","article-title":"IPH4102; an Anti-KIR3DL2 monoclonal antibody in refractory sezary syndrome: results from a multicenter phase 1 trial","volume-title":"American Society of Hematology","author":"Bagot","year":""},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.10.2434","article-title":"Phase IIb multicenter trial of vorinostat in patients with persistent, progressive, or treatment refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-025999","article-title":"Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)","volume":"109","author":"Duvic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5410","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.21.6150","article-title":"Phase II multi-institutional trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin as monotherapy for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"27","author":"Piekarz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.28.9066","article-title":"Final results from a multicenter, international, pivotal study of romidepsin in refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"28","author":"Whittaker","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EJCA.2012.08.017","article-title":"Panobinostat activity in both bexarotene-exposed and -na\u00efve patients with refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Results of a phase II trial","volume":"49","author":"Duvic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13222","article-title":"A Phase II trial of Belinostat (PXD101) in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"168","author":"Foss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60958-2","article-title":"Anti-programmed-death-receptor-1 treatment with pembrolizumab in ipilimumab-refractory advanced melanoma: a randomised dose-comparison cohort of a phase 1 trial","volume":"384","author":"Robert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2012.01.010","article-title":"Pralatrexate is an effective treatment for relapsed or refractory transformed mycosis fungoides: a subgroup efficacy analysis from the PROPEL study","volume":"12","author":"Foss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu231","article-title":"Final results of a multicenter phase II study of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) inhibitor forodesine in patients with advanced cutaneous t-cell lymphomas (CTCL) (Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome)","volume":"25","author":"Dummer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.2386","article-title":"Phase III placebo-controlled trial of denileukin diftitox for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"28","author":"Prince","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-08-802470","article-title":"Activity of the PI3K-\u03b4,\u03b3 inhibitor duvelisib in a phase 1 trial and preclinical models of T-cell lymphoma","volume":"131","author":"Horwitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-09-525915","article-title":"Results of an open-label multicenter phase 2 trial of lenalidomide monotherapy in refractory mycosis fungoides and S\u00e9zary syndrome","volume":"123","author":"Querfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-02-629543","article-title":"The mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus has antitumor activity in vitro and produces tumor responses in patients with relapsed T-cell lymphoma","volume":"126","author":"Witzig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1523-1747.2002.19610.X","article-title":"Increased CCR4 Expression in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma","volume":"119","author":"Ferenczi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5494","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0371","article-title":"CXC chemokine receptor 3 and CC chemokine receptor 4 expression in T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas with special reference to clinicopathological significance for peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified","volume":"10","author":"Ishida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"3625","article-title":"Clinical significance of CCR4 expression in adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma: its close association with skin involvement and unfavorable outcome","volume":"9","author":"Ishida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.5.1505","article-title":"Frequent expression of CCR4 in adult T-cell leukemia and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-transformed T cells","volume":"99","author":"Yoshie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2697","article-title":"Defucosylated humanized anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody KW-0761 as a novel immunotherapeutic agent for adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma","volume":"16","author":"Ishii","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13338","article-title":"Dose-intensified chemotherapy alone or in combination with mogamulizumab in newly diagnosed aggressive adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma: a randomized phase II study","volume":"169","author":"Ishida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.20230","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin","volume":"4","author":"van","year":"2012","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-0290","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin","volume":"19","author":"Deng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.0402","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35) in patients with relapsed or refractory systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: results of a phase II study","volume":"30","author":"Pro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.11127","article-title":"Low-dose intermittent alemtuzumab in the treatment of S\u00e9zary syndrome: clinical and immunologic findings in 14 patients","volume":"92","author":"Bernengo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.10099","article-title":"Alemtuzumab therapy for leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"150","author":"Watanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1302369","article-title":"Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma","volume":"369","author":"Wolchok","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200694","article-title":"Safety and activity of anti\u2013PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer","volume":"366","author":"Brahmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200690","article-title":"Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti\u2013PD-1 antibody in cancer","volume":"366","author":"Topalian","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611299","article-title":"Prolonged survival in stage III melanoma with ipilimumab adjuvant therapy","volume":"375","author":"Eggermont","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411087","article-title":"PD-1 Blockade with nivolumab in relapsed or refractory hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"372","author":"Ansell","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31821c35cb","article-title":"Expression patterns of the immunosuppressive proteins PD-1\/CD279 and PD-L1\/CD274 at different stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma\/mycosis fungoides","volume":"34","author":"Kantekure","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.200","article-title":"Increased Programmed Death-1 expression on CD4+ T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"146","author":"Samimi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01281-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"387","author":"Herbst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.5.1388","article-title":"CD4(+) cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells express the p140-killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor","volume":"97","author":"Bagot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1251","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor expression delineates in situ S\u00e9zary syndrome lymphocytes","volume":"199","author":"Wechsler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pathol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22326.x","article-title":"CD158k\/KIR3DL2 is a new phenotypic marker of Sezary cells: relevance for the diagnosis and follow-up of Sezary syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Poszepczynska-Guign\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.20395","article-title":"CD158k\/KIR3DL2 is a useful marker for identifying neoplastic T-cells in S\u00e9zary syndrome by flow cytometry","volume":"74","author":"Bahler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2012.01489.x","article-title":"CD158k\/KIR3DL2 and NKp46 are frequently expressed in transformed mycosis fungoides","volume":"21","author":"Ortonne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.356","article-title":"CD158k is a reliable marker for diagnosis of S\u00e9zary syndrome and reveals an unprecedented heterogeneity of circulating malignant cells","volume":"135","author":"Moins-Teisserenc","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6060","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-1456","article-title":"IPH4102, a Humanized KIR3DL2 antibody with potent activity against cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"74","author":"Marie-Cardine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-015-0571-1","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors in hematological malignancies and solid tumors","volume":"38","author":"Chun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0380-7","article-title":"Current Status of HDAC Inhibitors in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01554.x","article-title":"Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the oral histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"39","author":"Wada","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2016.08.009","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of romidepsin in tumor stage and folliculotropic mycosis fungoides","volume":"16","author":"Foss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2012.711829","article-title":"Clinically meaningful reduction in pruritus in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma treated with romidepsin","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.29.9024","article-title":"Pralatrexate in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma: results from the pivotal PROPEL study","volume":"29","author":"O'Connor","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13340","article-title":"Phase I\/II study of pralatrexate in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma","volume":"108","author":"Maruyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4115","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-390211","article-title":"Identification of an active, well-tolerated dose of pralatrexate in patients with relapsed or refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"119","author":"Horwitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-2064","article-title":"Results from a Phase I\/II open-label, dose-finding study of pralatrexate and oral bexarotene in patients with relapsed\/refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"23","author":"Duvic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-09-806737","article-title":"A phase 1 study of romidepsin and pralatrexate reveals marked activity in relapsed and refractory T-cell lymphoma","volume":"131","author":"Amengual","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(03)00076-6","article-title":"Mechanism of inhibition of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by PNP inhibitor\u2014BCX-1777","volume":"3","author":"Bantia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B67","first-page":"45","article-title":"Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Markert","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunodefic Rev"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4253","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1309","article-title":"A proof-of-principle pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical study with purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor immucillin-H (BCX-1777, forodesine)","volume":"106","author":"Gandhi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.2.612","article-title":"Interleukin 2 receptor-targeted cytotoxicity. Interleukin 2 receptor-mediated action of a diphtheria toxin-related interleukin 2 fusion protein","volume":"167","author":"Bacha","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830200412","article-title":"Interleukin 2 receptor-targeted cytotoxicity. Receptor binding requirements for entry of a diphtheria toxin-related interleukin 2 fusion protein into cells","volume":"20","author":"Waters","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700122","article-title":"CD25 expression is correlated with histological grade and response to denileukin diftitox in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"126","author":"Talpur","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2012.706286","article-title":"Denileukin diftitox for the treatment of CD25 low-expression mycosis fungoides and S\u00e9zary syndrome","volume":"54","author":"Prince","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13513","article-title":"E7777 in Japanese patients with relapsed\/refractory peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a phase I study","volume":"109","author":"Ohmachi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020805","article-title":"A crucial role for the p110delta subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in B cell development and activation","volume":"196","author":"Clayton","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073560","article-title":"Impaired B and T cell antigen receptor signaling in p110delta PI 3-kinase mutant mice","volume":"297","author":"Okkenhaug","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2882","article-title":"The emerging mechanisms of isoform-specific PI3K signalling","volume":"11","author":"Vanhaesebroeck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2010.10.002","article-title":"Phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3K\u03b4) in leukocyte signaling and function","volume":"23","author":"Fung-Leung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-4005","article-title":"Distinct role of macrophages in different tumor microenvironments","volume":"66","author":"Lewis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.04.016","article-title":"Receptor tyrosine kinases and TLR\/IL1Rs unexpectedly activate myeloid cell PI3K\u03b3, a single convergent point promoting tumor inflammation and progression","volume":"19","author":"Schmid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19834","article-title":"PI3K\u03b3 is a molecular switch that controls immune suppression","volume":"539","author":"Kaneda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.59.5363","article-title":"Mechanisms of Action of Lenalidomide in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"33","author":"Gribben","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041668","article-title":"Efficacy of lenalidomide in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"352","author":"List","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64354","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064354","article-title":"Lenalidomide Treatment for multiple myeloma: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2017.3008","article-title":"A phase III study of lenalidomide maintenance after debulking therapy in patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma - EORTC 21081 (NCT01098656): results and lessons learned for future trial designs","volume":"27","author":"Bagot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAAD.2013.04.027","article-title":"A comprehensive immunohistochemical approach of AKT\/mTOR pathway and p-STAT3 in mycosis fungoides","volume":"69","author":"Levidou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmed.2019.00116\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T18:27:28Z","timestamp":1574792848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmed.2019.00116\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2019.00116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2019.00116","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"article-number":"116"}}