{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:31:05Z","timestamp":1790706665127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T01:19:48Z","timestamp":1565659188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies for Early-Stage Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kazuyasu","family":"Fujii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuro","family":"Kanekura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3768","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-09-3502","article-title":"WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas","volume":"105","author":"Willemze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5064","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-184168","article-title":"Cutaneous lymphoma incidence patterns in the United States: a population-based study of 3884 cases","volume":"113","author":"Bradford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12299","article-title":"Cutaneous lymphoma in Japan: a nationwide study of 1733 patients","volume":"41","author":"Hamada","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06337.x","article-title":"Cutaneous lymphomas in Germany: an analysis of the Central Cutaneous Lymphoma Registry of the German Society of Dermatology (DDG)","volume":"5","author":"Assaf","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.7665","article-title":"Survival outcomes and prognostic factors in mycosis fungoides\/Sezary syndrome: validation of the revised International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas\/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer staging proposal","volume":"28","author":"Agar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000153121.57515.c6","article-title":"Histopathologic features of early (patch) lesions of mycosis fungoides: a morphologic study on 745 biopsy specimens from 427 patients","volume":"29","author":"Massone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199407000-00001","article-title":"The histologic spectrum of mycosis fungoides\/Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma). A review of 222 biopsies, including newly described patterns and the earliest pathologic changes","volume":"18","author":"Shapiro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13477.","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides with spongiosis: a potential diagnostic pitfall","author":"Shamim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.2018.002","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides-clinical and histopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"37","author":"Cerroni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.08.057","article-title":"Defining early mycosis fungoides","volume":"53","author":"Pimpinelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"2809","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma presenting as benign dermatoses","volume":"59","author":"Elmer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Fam Phys."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07526.x","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides: a dermatological masquerader","volume":"156","author":"Nashan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2013.02.001","article-title":"New concept of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: interplay among the barrier, allergy, and pruritus as a trinity","volume":"70","author":"Kabashima","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.129.4.433","article-title":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with nonleukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Reduced proliferation and preferential secretion of a T helper-2-like cytokine pattern on stimulation","volume":"129","author":"Dummer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-3488","article-title":"TH2 cytokines from malignant cells suppress TH1 responses and enforce a global TH2 bias in leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Guenova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12330869","article-title":"Progression of mycosis fungoides is associated with increasing cutaneous expression of interleukin-10 mRNA","volume":"107","author":"Asadullah","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.2.757.bloodjournal882757","article-title":"Interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA expression in mycosis fungoides progression","volume":"88","author":"Asadullah","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2010.05.005","article-title":"Chemokines and cutaneous lymphoma","volume":"59","author":"Sugaya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4339","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0077","article-title":"Skin barrier dysfunction and low antimicrobial peptide expression in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"20","author":"Suga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13732","article-title":"'We had to change to single beds because I itch in the night': a qualitative study of the experiences, attitudes and approaches to coping of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"173","author":"Beynon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08992.x","article-title":"Quality of life and psychological distress in patients with cutaneous lymphoma","volume":"160","author":"Sampogna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2003.05551.x","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and atopy: is there an association?","volume":"149","author":"Mehrany","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2006.00291.x","article-title":"Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides associated with atopy in two children","volume":"23","author":"Onsun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14365","article-title":"Psoriasis in patients with mycosis fungoides: a clinicopathological study of 25 patients","volume":"31","author":"Nikolaou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120225","article-title":"Immunology of psoriasis","volume":"32","author":"Lowes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05224.x","article-title":"The relevance of peripheral blood T-helper 1 and 2 cytokine pattern in the evaluation of patients with mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome","volume":"148","author":"Papadavid","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.27","article-title":"Malignant cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells express IL-17 utilizing the Jak3\/Stat3 signaling pathway","volume":"131","author":"Krejsgaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13281","article-title":"The temporal association between cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and psoriasis: implications for common biologic processes","volume":"30","author":"Donigan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(02)00773-6","article-title":"Viral infection, atopy and mycosis fungoides: a European multicentre case-control study","volume":"39","author":"Morales","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700410","article-title":"The risk of lymphoma in patients with psoriasis","volume":"126","author":"Gelfand","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13705","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides in the era of antitumour necrosis factor-alpha treatments","volume":"173","author":"Nikolaou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550510030087","article-title":"A retrospective study of the probability of the evolution of parapsoriasis en plaques into mycosis fungoides","volume":"85","author":"V\u00e4kev\u00e4","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.4.504","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides: disease evolution and prognosis of 309 Dutch patients","volume":"136","author":"van Doorn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17258","article-title":"The PROCLIPI international registry of early-stage mycosis fungoides identifies substantial diagnostic delay in most patients","volume":"181","author":"Scarisbrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s002770050269","article-title":"Detection of clonally rearranged T-cell-receptor gamma chain genes from T-cell malignancies and acute inflammatory rheumatic disease using PCR amplification, PAGE, and automated analysis","volume":"74","author":"Witzens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Hematol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198508293130902","article-title":"T-cell receptor gene rearrangements as clinical markers of human T-cell lymphomas","volume":"313","author":"Bertness","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(98)80247-1","article-title":"The alpha beta versus gamma delta T-cell lineage choice","volume":"10","author":"Robey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.73","article-title":"T-cell receptor gene rearrangement detection in suspected cases of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"134","author":"Chitgopeker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199910000-00019","article-title":"How useful are T-cell receptor gene rearrangement studies as an adjunct to the histopathologic diagnosis of mycosis fungoides?","volume":"21","author":"Bergman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2000.027002057.x","article-title":"Large plaque parapsoriasis: clinical and genotypic correlations","volume":"27","author":"Simon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198508293130903","article-title":"Clonal rearrangements of T-cell receptor genes in mycosis fungoides and dermatopathic lymphadenopathy","volume":"313","author":"Weiss","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12319746","article-title":"Southern blot analysis of clonal rearrangements of T-cell receptor gene in plaque lesion of mycosis fungoides","volume":"93","author":"Dosaka","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000247922","article-title":"T cell receptor gene rearrangement analysis in mycosis fungoides and disseminated lymphocytoma cutis","volume":"181","author":"Amagai","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dermatologica."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.12.3293.3293","article-title":"Prognostic implications of evaluation for lymph node involvement by T-cell antigen receptor gene rearrangement in mycosis fungoides","volume":"79","author":"Lynch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8536","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.21.8536","article-title":"Rapid, nonradioactive detection of clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangements in lymphoid neoplasms","volume":"87","author":"Bourguin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.2.574.574","article-title":"Characterization of clone-specific rearrangement T-cell receptor gamma-chain genes in lymphomas and leukemias by the polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing","volume":"84","author":"Kneba","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12389114","article-title":"Detection of clonal T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangements in early mycosis fungoides\/Sezary syndrome by polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR\/DGGE)","volume":"103","author":"Wood","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.1.305.bloodjournal861305","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell infiltrates: analysis of T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis","volume":"86","author":"Theodorou","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.2.640.014k31_640_646","article-title":"High detection rate of T-cell receptor beta chain rearrangements in T-cell lymphoproliferations by family specific polymerase chain reaction in combination with the GeneScan technique and DNA sequencing","volume":"96","author":"Assaf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701109","article-title":"TCRgamma-chain gene rearrangement by PCR-based GeneScan: diagnostic accuracy improvement and clonal heterogeneity analysis in multiple cutaneous T-cell lymphoma samples","volume":"128","author":"Ponti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70231-4","article-title":"Localization of clonal T cells to the epidermis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"31","author":"Fivenson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06649.x","article-title":"T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement by multiplex polymerase chain reaction\/heteroduplex analysis in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides\/Sezary syndrome) and benign inflammatory disease: correlation with clinical, histological and immunophenotypical findings","volume":"153","author":"Ponti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.07.049","article-title":"Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome): part I. Diagnosis: clinical and histopathologic features and new molecular and biologic markers","volume":"70","author":"Jawed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B54","first-page":"659","article-title":"Molecular immunoglobulin\/T- cell receptor clonality analysis in cutaneous lymphoproliferations. Experience with the BIOMED-2 standardized polymerase chain reaction protocol","volume":"88","author":"Sandberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Haematologica."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaar5894","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aar5894","article-title":"High-throughput sequencing of the T cell receptor beta gene identifies aggressive early-stage mycosis fungoides","volume":"10","author":"de Masson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214ra171","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3007420","article-title":"Minimal residual disease monitoring with high-throughput sequencing of T cell receptors in cutaneous T cell lymphoma","volume":"5","author":"Weng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308ra158","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa9122","article-title":"TCR sequencing facilitates diagnosis and identifies mature T cells as the cell of origin in CTCL","volume":"7","author":"Kirsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.04.030","article-title":"T-cell clonality assessment by next-generation sequencing improves detection sensitivity in mycosis fungoides","volume":"73","author":"Sufficool","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-07-588236","article-title":"Lack of durable disease control with chemotherapy for mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: a comparative study of systemic therapy","volume":"125","author":"Hughes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E491","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24564","article-title":"A retrospective comparative outcome analysis following systemic therapy in Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Hanel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Hematol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.01.025","article-title":"EORTC consensus recommendations for the treatment of mycosis fungoides\/Sezary syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Trautinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24876","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management","volume":"92","author":"Wilcox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hematol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2007.00813.x","article-title":"Assessment of TCR-beta clonality in a diverse group of cutaneous T-Cell infiltrates","volume":"35","author":"Plaza","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0209248","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209248","article-title":"Characterization of T cell receptors in a novel murine model of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy","volume":"13","author":"Nakasone","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4099","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-217604","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of T-cell receptor beta-chain diversity in alphabeta T cells","volume":"114","author":"Robins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242517","article-title":"Next generation sequencing for TCR repertoire profiling: platform-specific features and correction algorithms","volume":"42","author":"Bolotin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmed.2019.00181\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T06:24:48Z","timestamp":1575527088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmed.2019.00181\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2019.00181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2019.00181","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]]},"article-number":"181"}}