{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:00:54Z","timestamp":1753891254973,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007365","name":"Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Properly performed staging in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is necessary to avoid wrong therapeutic decisions. Here we present a case which manifested as advanced NSCLC but ultimately was composed of two different and rare pathologies. The first is a TTF-1 positive axillary lymph node that could be defined either as an unusual isolated differentiated cancer of unknown primary or as an even rarer case of ectopic lung epithelium which underwent malignant transformation. The second is sarcoidosis, a sarcoid-like alteration, in remission after oral steroids. The main implication of a correct diagnosis regards patient outcome and the avoidance of toxic inappropriate systemic chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.541629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T06:06:17Z","timestamp":1606716377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: All That Glisters Is Not* Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Tirelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandra","family":"Bortolotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Morbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia Maria","family":"Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11071010","article-title":"Lung-seeking metastases","volume":"11","author":"Stella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-12","article-title":"Cancers of unknown primary origin: current perspectives and future therapeutic strategies","volume":"10","author":"Stella","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Transl Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30064-X","article-title":"Pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"6","author":"Spagnolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2013.12.008","article-title":"Rare coexistence of sarcoidosis and lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Kachalia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Resp Med Case Rep"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000186","article-title":"How are cancer and connective tissue diseases related to sarcoidosis?","volume":"21","author":"Chopra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1475","article-title":"Sarcoidosis and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"147","author":"Bonifazi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895","article-title":"Lung cancer in never smokers: the role of different risk factors other than tobacco smoking","volume":"148","author":"Corrales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201302600319","article-title":"Sarcoidosis, cancer and molecular mimicry","volume":"26","author":"Tchernev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-019-01490-2","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced sarcoidosis-like granulomas","volume":"24","author":"Rambhia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-016-9618-0","article-title":"Progression and metastasis of lung cancer","volume":"35","author":"Popper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Metast. 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