{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:28:25Z","timestamp":1788827305530,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014718","name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Influenza was an independent risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). In light of increasing incidence and mortality of influenza associated aspergillosis, our study summarized risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors of developing aspergillosis in immunocompetent hosts with influenza to further screen high-risk population and improve outcome.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We reviewed the patient characteristics, laboratory examinations, radiological imaging, and microbiology data of 72 influenza patients with IPA and 84 influenza patients without IPA admitted to West China Hospital.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Result:<\/jats:bold> Our study shown that aspergillosis co-infection increased overall mortality of severe influenza from 22.6 to 52.8%, along with higher white blood count (WBC) (10.9 \u00b1 5.0 vs. 8.4 \u00b1 3.3, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.016), Neutrophiles (9.5 \u00b1 5.0 vs. 7.0 \u00b1 3.8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.023), procalcitonin (PCT) (8.6 \u00b1 15.9 vs. 1.2 \u00b1 2.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.009), and a lower CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell count (189.2 \u00b1 135.3 vs. 367.1 \u00b1 280.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.022) in death group. No impact of age, gender, underlying diseases, immunosuppressive agents and steroids use, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell count on incidence of influenza associated aspergillosis was observed. But influenza associated aspergillosis cases mostly accompanied with more H1N1 subtype (91.7 vs. 79.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.037) and higher level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (117.6 \u00b1 88.1 vs. 78.5 \u00b1 75.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.017) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (133.5 \u00b1 149.2 vs. 69.9 \u00b1 100.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.021) than those without aspergillosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Aspergillosis co-infection in severe influenza patients can lead to a significant increased mortality, which was associated with severe respiratory failure due to mixed infection and immunosuppression. Pulmonary excessive inflammatory response was related with IPA co-infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.602732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T05:49:31Z","timestamp":1610948971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Severe Influenza With Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Immunocompetent Hosts: A Retrospective Cohort 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