{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:34:18Z","timestamp":1770834858390,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Because of contradictory evidence from clinical trials, the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and lung cancer needs further evaluation. As such, the current study is to assess disproportionate reporting of primary malignant lung cancer among reports for ACEIs submitted to the FDA adverse event reporting system utilizing a pharmacovigilance approach. We conducted a disproportionality analysis of primary malignant lung cancer adverse events associated with 10 ACEIs by calculating the reported odds ratios (ROR) and information component (IC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). ROR was adjusted for sex, age, and reporting year by logistic regression analyses. From January 2004 to March 2020, a total of 622 cases of lung cancer adverse event reports were identified for ACEIs users. Significant disproportionate association was found for ACEIs as a drug class (ROR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13\u20131.32; IC: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.17\u20130.39. adjusted ROR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.49). After stratification based on gender, a subset analysis suggested that female patients exhibited a significant disproportionate association, while male patients did not. Sensitivity analyses that limited the data by reporting region, comorbidity, and reporting year also showed similar trends. Statistical significant lung cancer signals were detected among patients who received ACEI, especially female patients. The disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database suggests mildly increased reporting of lung cancer among ACEI users. Further robust epidemiological studies are necessary to confirm this relationship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.594043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T05:06:32Z","timestamp":1612155992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Lung Cancer Adverse Events Reports for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Data Mining of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Long","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuntao","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shusen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JunQing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00750.x","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade for cardiovascular diseases: current status","volume":"160","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25234","article-title":"Deficiency or blockade of angiotensin II type 2 receptor delays tumorigenesis by inhibiting malignant cell proliferation and angiogenesis","volume":"127","author":"Clere","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2945","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin system and cancer: old dog, new tricks","volume":"10","author":"George","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(10)70260-6","article-title":"Antihypertensive drugs and risk of cancer: network meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of 324,168 participants from randomised trials","volume":"12","author":"Bangalore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2013.09.001","article-title":"Antihypertensive medications and survival in patients with cancer: a population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Holmes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(98)03228-0","article-title":"Do inhibitors of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme protect against risk of cancer?","volume":"352","author":"Lever","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k4209","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4209","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and risk of lung cancer: population based cohort study","volume":"363","author":"Hicks","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B8","article-title":"Post-marketing Drug Safety Evaluation using Data Mining Based on FAERS. 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