{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:28:34Z","timestamp":1793381314966,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Psoriasis is an immune-mediated dermatosis with cardio-metabolic comorbidities. The aim of this study was to assess insulin-resistance, lipid abnormalities, and cardiovascular risk biomarkers in psoriatic patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods and materials:<\/jats:bold>\n                    We enrolled 425 patients: 86 psoriatics, 69 psoriatics with T2DM, 120 T2DM patients, and 150 healthy subjects. We measured the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body mass index (BMI), insulin-resistance parameters [glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA\n                    <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), and with homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA index)], lipidic panel, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), homocysteine, soluble adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinase, and adipocytokines.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    FPG, HbA\n                    <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and HOMA-IR were higher in diabetics with psoriasis (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.0001) than in psoriatics. FPI levels were higher in diabetics with psoriasis than in diabetics and psoriatics (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.0001), and higher in psoriatics than controls (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.0001). Psoriatics and diabetics with psoriasis showed higher triglyceride and LDL-C levels (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.0001) than diabetics. Homocysteine was higher in psoriatics and diabetics with psoriasis (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.0001) than in diabetics. PAI-1 was higher in diabetics with psoriasis than diabetics (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.01). sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were higher in diabetics with psoriasis than diabetics (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.01) and psoriatics (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.0001). Visfatin and resistin were lower in psoriatics (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.0001) and in diabetics with psoriasis (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.0001, respectively) than diabetics.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A limitation of this study is that there is a significant difference in mean age between controls and other study groups: the lack of matching between case and control groups may interfere with the external validity of the study findings. Despite this, the study highlights a pathogenetic link between psoriasis, considered a pre-diabetic condition, and diabetes. Insulin-resistance seems to be the keystone of psoriasis comorbidities. Psoriasis reinforces diabetes, causing a greater cardiometabolic risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.605691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:27:26Z","timestamp":1616459246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Psoriasis and Diabetes, a Dangerous Association: Evaluation of Insulin Resistance, Lipid Abnormalities, and Cardiovascular Risk 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