{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:37:21Z","timestamp":1790195841844,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013076","name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Mass drug administration with artemisinin-piperaquine (AP-MDA) is being considered for elimination of residual foci of malaria in Democratic Republic of S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Principe.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Three monthly rounds of AP-MDA were implemented from July to October 2019. Four zones were selected. A and B were selected as a study site and a control site, respectively. C and D were located within 1.5 and 1.5 km away from the study site, respectively. Parasite prevalence, malaria incidence, and the proportion of the <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria cases were evaluated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> After 3 monthly rounds of AP-MDA, the parasite prevalence and the gametocyte carriage rate of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> in zone A decreased from 28.29(\u2030) to 0 and 4.99(\u2030) to 0, respectively. Compared to zone B, the relative risk for the population with <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria in zone A was lower (RR = 0.458, 95% CI: 0.146\u20131.437). Malaria incidence fell from 290.49(\u2030) (the same period of the previous year) to 15.27(\u2030) (from the 29th week in 2019 to the 14th week in 2020), a decrease of 94.74% in zone A, and from 31.74 to 5.46(\u2030), a decline of 82.80% in zone B. Compared to the data of the same period the previous year, the cumulative number of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria cases were lower, decreasing from 165 to 10 in zone A and from 17 to 4 in zone B. The proportion of the <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria cases on the total malaria cases of the country decreased of 90.16% in zone A and 71.34% in zone C.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> AP-MDA greatly curbed malaria transmission by reducing malaria incidence in the study site and simultaneously creating a knock-on effect of malaria control within 1.5 km of the study site and within the limited time interval of 38 weeks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.617195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T05:15:37Z","timestamp":1626066937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mass Drug Administration With Artemisinin-Piperaquine for the Elimination of Residual Foci of Malaria in S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 Island"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mingqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Tuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixiang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoqin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinbing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangli","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herodes Sacramento","family":"Rampao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alberto Bandeira","family":"D'almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changsheng","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2018","year":"2018"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2019","year":"2019"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"PROTOCOLO PARA O MANEJO DE CASOS DE PALUDISMO.","year":"2018"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Terminology of Malaria and of Malaria Eradication","year":"1963"},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Guidelines on the Elimination of Residual Foci of Malaria Transmission","year":"2007"},{"key":"B6","volume-title":"Basic Malaria Microscopy - 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