{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:31:21Z","timestamp":1775284281150,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In past decade, cephalosporins have developed significantly, and data regarding novel cephalosporins (i.e., ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, ceftolozane\/tazobactam, ceftazidime\/avibactam, and cefiderocol) within septic and bacteremic subjects are rising. These compounds generally offer very promising <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> microbiological susceptibility, although the variability among gram-negative and -positive strains of different cohorts is noticed in the literature. We require further pharmacological data to measure the best dose in order to prevent sub-therapeutic drug levels in critically ill patients. These new compounds in theory are the sparing solution in the <jats:italic>Enterobacteriales<\/jats:italic> infection group for different antimicrobial classes such as aminoglycosides notably within endovascular and GNB-bacteremias, as well as colistin and carbapenem-sparing strategies, favoring good safety profile molecules. Moreover, new cephalosporins are the basis for the actual indications to open up new and exciting prospects for serious infections in the future. In future, patients will be addressed with the desirable approach to sepsis and serious infections in terms of their clinical situation, inherent features of the host, the sensitivity profile, and local epidemiology, for which evidence of the use of new cephalosporin in the treatment of severe infections will fill the remaining gaps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.617378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T14:25:55Z","timestamp":1620397555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Novel Cephalosporins in Septic Subjects and Severe Infections: Present Findings and Future Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Corcione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Lupia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco Giuseppe","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1312359","article-title":"Severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"369","author":"Angus","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"395","author":"Rudd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30696-2","article-title":"Sepsis and septic shock","volume":"392","author":"Cecconi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)70112-X","article-title":"Sepsis: a roadmap for future research","volume":"15","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-417","article-title":"New cephalosporins for the treatment of pneumonia in internal medicine wards","volume":"12","author":"Lupia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0781OC","article-title":"International forum of acute care trialists. assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. current estimates and limitations","volume":"193","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.11.005","article-title":"A randomised, double-blind trial comparing ceftobiprole medocaril with ceftriaxone with or without linezolid for the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation","volume":"39","author":"Nicholson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu219","article-title":"A phase III randomized double-blind comparison of ceftobiprole medocaril versus ceftazidime plus linezolid for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia","volume":"59","author":"Awad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1086\/526527","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind trial comparing ceftobiprole medocaril with vancomycin plus ceftazidime for the treatment of patients with complicated skin and skin-structure infections","volume":"46","author":"Noel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00551-07","article-title":"Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria","volume":"52","author":"Noel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2019.1667229","article-title":"Ceftobiprole: drug evaluation and place in therapy","volume":"17","author":"Giacobbe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther."},{"key":"B12","first-page":"24","article-title":"Ceftobripole: experience in staphylococcal bacteremia","volume":"32","author":"Soriano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia."},{"key":"B13","article-title":"A pooled analysis of clinical cure and mortality with ceftobiprole medocaril versus comparators in staphylococcal bacteraemia in complicated skin infections, and community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia","author":"Rello","year":"2016","journal-title":"ECCMID."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06057-11","article-title":"Synergistic activity of ceftobiprole and vancomycin in a rat model of infective endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant and glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"56","author":"Fernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00402-11","article-title":"In vivo synergism of ceftobiprole and vancomycin against experimental endocarditis due to vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"55","author":"Entenza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir340","article-title":"Use of antistaphylococcal beta-lactams to increase daptomycin activity in eradicating persistent bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: role of enhanced daptomycin binding","volume":"53","author":"Dhand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02192-12","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of the clinical outcomes of daptomycin with and without concomitant \u03b2-lactams in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and mild to moderate renal impairment","volume":"57","author":"Moise","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B18","unstructured":""},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp176","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic activity of ceftobiprole compared with vancomycin versus methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) using an in vitro model","volume":"64","author":"Zhanel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01653-08","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic profiling of ceftobiprole for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections","volume":"53","author":"Kimko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-016-0418-z","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and dosing of ceftobiprole medocaril for the treatment of hospital- and community-acquired pneumonia in different patient populations","volume":"55","author":"Torres","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01537-10","article-title":"Evaluation of ceftobiprole activity against a variety of gram-negative pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (\u03b2-lactamase positive and \u03b2-lactamase negative), and Klebsiella pneumoniae, in a rabbit meningitis model","volume":"56","author":"Stucki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.02.013","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from two ceftobiprole Phase III complicated skin and skin-structure infection clinical trials","volume":"34","author":"Davies","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0307","article-title":"Genotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus recovered at baseline from Phase III pneumonia clinical trials for ceftobiprole","volume":"22","author":"Mendes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist."},{"key":"B25","first-page":"11","article-title":"Ceftobiprole: pharmacokinetics and PK\/PD profile","volume":"32","author":"Azanza Perea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii19","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr096","article-title":"FOCUS 1 investigators. FOCUS 1: a randomized, double-blinded, multicentre, Phase III trial of the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline fosamil versus ceftriaxone in community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"66","author":"File","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii33","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr097","article-title":"FOCUS 2 investigators. FOCUS 2: a randomized, double-blinded, multicentre, Phase III trial of the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline fosamil versus ceftriaxone in community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"66","author":"Low","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-016-0654-4","article-title":"Ceftaroline fosamil: a review in complicated skin and soft tissue infections and community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"76","author":"Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drugs."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200969070-00003","article-title":"Ceftaroline: a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"69","author":"Zhanel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1Q225","article-title":"Ceftaroline fosamil: a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"45","author":"Jorgenson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.2165\/11635660-000000000-00000","article-title":"Ceftaroline fosamil in the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections","volume":"72","author":"Lodise","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.06.025","article-title":"Off-label use of ceftaroline fosamil: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Pani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.07.024","article-title":"Use of ceftaroline after glycopeptide failure to eradicate meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia with elevated vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations","volume":"44","author":"Paladino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.01.019","article-title":"Ceftaroline fosamil monotherapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a comparative clinical outcomes study","volume":"57","author":"Arshad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks006","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and endocarditis treated with ceftaroline salvage therapy","volume":"67","author":"Ho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.12.005","article-title":"Combination therapy with vancomycin and ceftaroline for refractory methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a case series","volume":"39","author":"Gritsenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ther."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/20009666.2017.1374107","article-title":"Experience with ceftaroline for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in a community hospital","volume":"7","author":"Karki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02015","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02015-16","article-title":"Multicenter observational study of ceftaroline fosamil for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections","volume":"61","author":"Zasowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.07.005","article-title":"Ceftaroline for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: case series and review of the literature","volume":"42","author":"Polenakovik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02371-13","article-title":"Large retrospective evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of ceftaroline fosamil therapy","volume":"58","author":"Casapao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofu046","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu046","article-title":"Ceftaroline in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for salvage therapy of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis","volume":"1","author":"Fabre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.05.061","article-title":"Antimicrobial salvage therapy for persistent Staphylococcal bacteremia using daptomycin plus ceftaroline","volume":"36","author":"Sakoulas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ther."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0449-9","article-title":"The use of ceftaroline fosamil in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and deep-seated MRSA infections: a retrospective case series of 10 patients","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0785-2","article-title":"Early use of ceftaroline fosamil in the United States Veterans Health Care System","volume":"77","author":"Britt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.2019.1676540","article-title":"Comparative-effectiveness of ceftaroline and daptomycin as first-line MRSA therapy for patients with sepsis admitted to hospitals in the United States Veterans Health Care System","volume":"47","author":"Mootz","year":"","journal-title":"Hosp Pract."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku085","article-title":"Salvage treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal endocarditis with ceftaroline: a multicentre observational study","volume":"69","author":"Tattevin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.01.014","article-title":"Ceftaroline fosamil for the treatment of Gram-positive endocarditis: CAPTURE study experience","volume":"53","author":"Destache","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5808","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00285-13","article-title":"Efficacy of Ceftaroline Fosamil against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in a rabbit meningitis model","volume":"57","author":"Stucki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.02.001","article-title":"Ceftaroline versus vancomycin in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an experimental MRSA meningitis model","volume":"22","author":"Mermer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1447381","article-title":"Ceftolozane\/tazobactam: place in therapy","volume":"16","author":"Giacobbe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62220-0","article-title":"Ceftolozane-tazobactam compared with levofloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary-tract infections, including pyelonephritis: a randomised, double-blind, phase III trial (ASPECT-cUTI)","volume":"385","author":"Wagenlehner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ097","article-title":"Ceftolozane\/tazobactam plus metronidazole for complicated intraabdominal infections in an era of multidrug resistance:results from a randomized, double-blind, phase III trial (ASPECT-cIAI)","volume":"60","author":"Solomkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30403-7","article-title":"Ceftolozane tazobactam versus meropenem for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia (ASPECT-NP): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase III, non-inferiority trial","volume":"19","author":"Kollef","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00115","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00115-20","article-title":"New \u03b2-Lactam-\u03b2-Lactamase inhibitor combinations","volume":"34","author":"Yahav","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.07.004","article-title":"In vitro activity of ceftolozane\/tazobactam against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae recovered in Spanish medical centres: results of the CENIT study","volume":"46","author":"Tato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00160-19","article-title":"Comparative activities of ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam against enterobacteriaceae isolates producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases from U.S. Hospitals","volume":"63","author":"Castanheira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020061","article-title":"Carbapenem-sparing strategies for ESBL producers: when and how","volume":"9","author":"Karaiskos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00338-07","article-title":"Predictors of 30-day mortality among patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections: impact of delayed appropriate antibiotic selection","volume":"51","author":"Lodise","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00465","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00465-17","article-title":"Ceftolozane\u2013tazobactam activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from U.S. hospitals: report from the PACTS Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2012 to 2015","volume":"61","author":"Shortridge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.06.007","article-title":"Comparison of antimicrobial activity between ceftolozane\u2013tazobactam and ceftazidime\u2013avibactam against multidrug-resistant isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"62","author":"Alatoom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2017.37.2.174","article-title":"Susceptibility of ceftolozane\u2013tazobactam and ceftazidime\u2013avibactam against a collection of b-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"37","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Lab Med."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105891","article-title":"Ceftolozane\/tazobactam for difficult-to-treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a systematic review of its efficacy and safety for off-label indications","volume":"55","author":"Maraolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.11.001","article-title":"Ceftolozane\/tazobactam for the treatment of serious Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a multicentre nationwide clinical experience","volume":"53","author":"Bassetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa003","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of ceftolozane-tazobactam versus other active agents for the treatment of bacteremia nosocomial pneumonia due to drug resistant P. aeruginosa","volume":"71","author":"Vena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz816","article-title":"Ceftolozane\/Tazobactam vs polymyxin or aminoglycoside-based regimens for the treatment of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"71","author":"Pogue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-017-1096-y","article-title":"Pharmacological aspects and spectrum of action of ceftazidime-avibactam: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Tuon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infection."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw133","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam plus metronidazole versus meropenem in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infection: results from a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase III program","volume":"62","author":"Mazuski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30004-4","article-title":"Ceftazidimeavibactam or best available therapy in patients with ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa complicated urinary tract infections or complicated intra-abdominal infections (REPRISE): a randomised, pathogen-directed, phase III study","volume":"16","author":"Carmeli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofz149","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz149","article-title":"Randomized trial of ceftazidime-avibactam vs meropenem for treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (REPROVE): analyses per US FDA-Specified end points","volume":"6","author":"Torres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky295","article-title":"Effectiveness of ceftazidime\/avibactam as salvage therapy for treatment of infections due to OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"73","author":"Sousa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9070388","article-title":"Ceftazidime-Avibactam combination therapy compared to ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy for the treatment of severe infections due to carbapenem-resistant pathogens: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Fiore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.08.025","article-title":"Efficacy of ceftazidime\/avibactam in monotherapy or combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Onorato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy492","article-title":"Efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam salvage therapy in patients with infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae","volume":"68","author":"Tumbarello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00883","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00883-17","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam is superior to other treatment regimens against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia","volume":"61","author":"Shields","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000598","article-title":"Carbapenem-sparing strategy: carbapenemase, treatment, and stewardship","volume":"32","author":"Corcione","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S559","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz829","article-title":"Pathogen-focused clinical development to address unmet medical need: cefiderocol targeting carbapenem resistance","volume":"69","author":"Echols","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000646","article-title":"Optimizing therapy of bloodstream infection due to extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"25","author":"Gudiol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2019.1610392","article-title":"Developments on antibiotics for multidrug resistant bacterial Gram-negative infections","volume":"17","author":"Voulgaris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S225553","article-title":"Designing a pathogen-focused study to address the high unmet medical need represented by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative pathogens - the international, multicenter, randomized, open-label, Phase III CREDIBLE-CR study","volume":"12","author":"Bassetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30796-9","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of cefiderocol or best available therapy for the treatment of serious infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CREDIBLE-CR): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, pathogen-focused, descriptive, phase III trial","volume":"21","author":"Bassetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30731-3","article-title":"Cefiderocol versus high-dose, extended-infusion meropenem for the treatment of Gram-negative nosocomial pneumonia (APEKS-NP): a randomised, double-blind, phase III, non-inferiority trial","volume":"21","author":"Wunderink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky425","article-title":"In vitro activities of cefiderocol, ceftolozane\/tazobactam, ceftazidime\/avibactam and other comparative drugs against imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, all associated with bloodstream infections in Taiwan","volume":"74","author":"Hsueh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2019.1669275","article-title":"Enteropathogenetic nosocomial infections: predisposing clinical characteristics and risk of recurrent infections","volume":"31","author":"Corcione","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Chemother."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.2020.1791541","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment in patients with sepsis: a narrative review","volume":"20","author":"Plata-Menchaca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hosp Pract."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1398742","article-title":"Optimizing antimicrobial therapy of sepsis and septic shock: focus on antibiotic combination therapy","volume":"36","author":"Vazquez-Grande","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016","volume":"43","author":"Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.5833","article-title":"Effect of empirical treatment with moxifloxacin and meropenem vs meropenem on sepsis-related organ dysfunction in patients with severe sepsis: a randomized trial","volume":"307","author":"Brunkhorst","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd003344","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003344.pub3","article-title":"Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis","volume":"7","author":"Paul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix186","article-title":"Short-course adjunctive gentamicin as empirical therapy in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a prospective observational cohort study","volume":"64","author":"Ong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00080","article-title":"Infections caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: an update on therapeutic options","volume":"10","author":"Sheu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.617378\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T14:25:59Z","timestamp":1620397559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.617378\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2021.617378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.617378","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"article-number":"617378"}}