{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:39:52Z","timestamp":1787499592338,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Multidrug-resistant microorganisms are a well-known global problem, and gram-negative bacilli are top-ranking. When these pathogens are associated with bloodstream infections (BSI), outcomes become even worse. Here we applied whole-genome sequencing to access information about clonal distribution, resistance mechanism diversity and other molecular aspects of gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from bloodstream infections in Brazil. It was possible to highlight international high-risk clones circulating in the Brazilian territory, such as CC258 for\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , ST79 for\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and ST233 for\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Important associations can be made such as a negative correlation between CRISPR-Cas and\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    CC258, while the genes\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>KPC<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX\u2212M<\/jats:sub>\n                    are highly associated with this clone. Specific relationships between\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    clones and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA\u221251<\/jats:sub>\n                    variants were also observed. All\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ST233 isolates showed the genes\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>VIM<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA486<\/jats:sub>\n                    . In addition, some trends could be identified, where a new\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    MDR clone (ST3079), a novel\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    clonal profile circulating in Brazil (ST848), and important resistance associations in the form of\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>VIM\u22122<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>IMP\u221256<\/jats:sub>\n                    being found together in one ST233 strain, stand out. Such findings may help to develop approaches to deal with BSI and even other nosocomial infections caused by these important GNB.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.635206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:23:30Z","timestamp":1615767810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Genetic Basis of Antimicrobial Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Bloodstream in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Melise Chaves","family":"Silveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Marcos","family":"Rocha-de-Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivson Cassiano","family":"de Oliveira 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