{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T17:05:30Z","timestamp":1778346330412,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a serious condition. Delayed diagnosis could lead to life-threatening outcomes. The study aimed to develop a diagnostic predictive model for EP to approach suspected cases with prompt intervention before the rupture occurred.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 347 pregnant women presenting first-trimester complications (abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding) with diagnosis suspected of pregnancy of unknown location, who were eligible and underwent chart review. The data including clinical risk factors, signs and symptoms, serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and ultrasound findings were analyzed. The statistical predictive score was developed by performing logistic regression analysis. The testing data of 30 patients were performed to test the validation of predictive scoring.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> From a total of 22 factors, logistic regression method\u2013derived scoring model was based on five potent factors (history of pelvic inflammatory disease, current use of emergency pills, cervical motion tenderness, serum hCG \u22651,000 mIU\/ml, and ultrasound finding of adnexal mass) using a cutoff score \u22653. This predictive index score was able to determine ectopic pregnancy with an accuracy of 77.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 73.1\u201382.1], specificity of 91.0% (95% CI = 62.1\u201372.0), sensitivity of 67.0% (95% CI = 88.0\u201394.0), and area under the curve of 0.906 (95% CI = 0.875\u20130.937). In the validation group, no patient with negative result of this score had an EP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Statistical predictive score was derived with high accuracy and applicable performance for EP diagnosis. This score could be used to support clinical decision making in routine practice for management of EP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.646258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T05:09:47Z","timestamp":1619672987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Predictive Analytic Model for Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ploywarong","family":"Rueangket","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristsanamon","family":"Rittiluechai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Why Mothers Die 2000\u20132002 \u2013 The Sixth Report of Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom","author":"Drife","year":"2004"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(96)70131-2","article-title":"Ectopic pregnancy: prospective study with improved diagnostic accuracy","volume":"28","author":"Kaplan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1136\/ewjm.173.2.131","article-title":"Ectopic pregnancy","volume":"173","author":"Tay","year":"2000","journal-title":"West J Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340802443822","article-title":"Why are some ectopic pregnancies characterized as pregnancies of unknown location at the initial transvaginal ultrasound examination?","volume":"87","author":"Kirk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000142712.80407.fd","article-title":"Decline of serum human chorionic gonadotropin and spontaneous complete abortion: defining the normal curve","volume":"104","author":"Barnhart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000139912.65553.58","article-title":"Time and risk of ruptured tubal pregnancy","volume":"104","author":"Bickell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh341","article-title":"The use of a new logistic regression model for predicting the outcome of pregnancies of unknown location","volume":"19","author":"Condous","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq217","article-title":"Does a prediction model for pregnancy of unknown location developed in the UK validate on a US population?","volume":"25","author":"Barnhart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199207000-00001","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility. 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