{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T13:11:14Z","timestamp":1791465074213,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004160","name":"Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Recent studies from multiple countries have shown a high prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) among severely ill patients. Despite providing valuable insight into the clinical management of CAPA, large-scale prospective studies are limited. Here, we report on one of the largest multicenter epidemiological studies to explore the clinical features and prevalence of COVID-19-associated pulmonary mold infections (CAPMIs) among mechanically ventilated patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum samples were collected for culture, galactomannan (GM), and \u03b2-D-glucan (BDG) testing. Patients were classified as probable CAPMI based on the presence of host factors, radiological findings, and mycological criteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    During the study period, 302 COVID-19 patients were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), among whom 105 were mechanically ventilated for \u22654 days. Probable CAPMI was observed among 38% of patients (40\/105), among whom BAL culture of 29 patients turned positive for molds, while galactomannan testing on BAL (GM index \u22651) and serum (GM index &amp;gt;0.5) samples were positive for 60% (24\/40) and 37.5% (15\/39) of patients, respectively.\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (22\/29; 75.8%) and\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (6\/29; 20.6%) constituted 96.5% of the molds isolated.\n                    <jats:italic>Diaporthe foeniculina<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated from a COVID-19 patient. None of the patients who presented with CAPMI were treated with antifungal drugs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Despite being prevalent, the absence of appropriate antifungal treatment highlights that CAPMI is a neglected complication among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs. CAPMI can be caused by species other than\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.649675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T02:52:33Z","timestamp":1623639153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Pervasive but Neglected: A Perspective on COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Mold Infections Among Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mona","family":"Ghazanfari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Arastehfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lotfollah","family":"Davoodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamshid","family":"Yazdani Charati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Moazeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Abastabar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Haghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roghayeh","family":"Mirzakhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabah","family":"Mayahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanqing","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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