{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:50:12Z","timestamp":1793998212199,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) are T cells-mediated life-threatening immune reactions, most commonly induced by drug. The last decade has seen significant progress in SCARs research. Recent studies have unveiled the pathogenesis of SCARs involved in susceptible genes, including human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and drugs-T cell receptor (TCR) interaction that may trigger T cell activation with downstream immune signaling of cytokines\/chemokines and specific cytotoxic proteins releases. Advances in identification of multiple genetic alleles associated with specific drugs related SCARS in different populations is an important breakthrough in recent years for prevention of SCARs. This article summarized the findings on genetic factors related to SJS\/TEN, especially for HLA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.652091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T07:01:32Z","timestamp":1626332492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Genetics of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shang-Chen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Bing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao-Ying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Fen","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Hung","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13430","article-title":"Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions","volume":"43","author":"Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2020.09.009","article-title":"The nationwide epidemiological survey of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Japan, 2016-2018","volume":"100","author":"Sunaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.09.032","article-title":"Searching for the culprit drugs for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis from a nationwide claim database in Korea","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4320195","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4154507","article-title":"The epidemiology of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in China","volume":"2018","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-015-0158-0","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: an update","volume":"16","author":"Dodiuk-Gad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1586\/ecp.10.32","article-title":"Definitions and mechanisms of drug hypersensitivity","volume":"3","author":"Wedi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2012.04.002","article-title":"Recent advances in the genetics and immunology of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrosis","volume":"66","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1884","article-title":"Granulysin is a key mediator for disseminated keratinocyte death in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"14","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12501","article-title":"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study","volume":"169","author":"Kardaun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.003","article-title":"Serum TARC levels are strongly correlated with blood eosinophil count in patients with drug eruptions","volume":"66","author":"Komatsu-Fujii","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergol Int."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1986.tb00491.x","article-title":"HLA phenotypes and bullous cutaneous reactions to drugs","volume":"28","author":"Roujeau","year":"1986","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660330082014","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"123","author":"Roujeau","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00969","article-title":"Pharmacogenetic testing for prevention of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.01196.x","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of cutaneous adverse drug reactions","volume":"38","author":"Aihara","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2147\/PGPM.S290781","article-title":"Review on databases and bioinformatic approaches on pharmacogenomics of adverse drug reactions","volume":"14","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmgenomics Pers Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"DES183","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23537","article-title":"Results of detailed investigations into stevens-johnson syndrome with severe ocular complications","volume":"59","author":"Ueta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.08.003","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing identifies genetic variants associated with co-trimoxazole hypersensitivity in Asians","volume":"147","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/428486a","article-title":"Medical genetics: a marker for Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"428","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02533.x","article-title":"Association between HLA-B*1502 and carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions in a Thai population","volume":"51","author":"Tassaneeyakul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04745.x","article-title":"Association of HLA-B*1502 allele with carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome in the multi-ethnic Malaysian population","volume":"50","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.57718","article-title":"Association of HLA-B*1502 allele and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome among Indians","volume":"75","author":"Mehta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01022.x","article-title":"Association between HLA-B*1502 allele and antiepileptic drug-induced cutaneous reactions in Han Chinese","volume":"48","author":"Man","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003453","article-title":"Risk and association of HLA with oxcarbazepine-induced cutaneous adverse reactions in Asians","volume":"88","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2016.10","article-title":"Association of HLA-B*15:13 and HLA-B*15:02 with phenytoin-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions in a Malay population","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.09.162","article-title":"Common risk allele in aromatic antiepileptic-drug induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Han Chinese","volume":"11","author":"Hung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01719.x","article-title":"Carbamazepine and phenytoin induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome is associated with HLA-B*1502 allele in Thai population","volume":"49","author":"Locharernkul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02766.x","article-title":"HLA-B*1511 is a risk factor for carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Japanese patients","volume":"51","author":"Kaniwa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.08.010","article-title":"Carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions and HLA genotypes in Koreans","volume":"97","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45553","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45553","article-title":"HLA-B*15:21 and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome: pooled-data and in silico analysis","volume":"7","author":"Jaruthamsophon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13821","article-title":"HLA-B*57:01 confers genetic susceptibility to carbamazepine-induced SJS\/TEN in Europeans","volume":"74","author":"Mockenhaupt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2013.40","article-title":"HLA-A*31:01 and different types of carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions: an international study and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Genin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1013297","article-title":"HLA-A*3101 and carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions in Europeans","volume":"364","author":"McCormack","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0278","article-title":"Association of HLA-A*31:01 screening with the incidence of carbamazepine-induced cutaneous adverse reactions in a Japanese population","volume":"75","author":"Mushiroda","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e3282f3ef9c","article-title":"A European study of HLA-B in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis related to five high-risk drugs","volume":"18","author":"Lonjou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genom."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.7859","article-title":"Genetic variants associated with phenytoin-related severe cutaneous adverse reactions","volume":"312","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.13.180","article-title":"Specific HLA types are associated with antiepileptic drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Japanese subjects","volume":"14","author":"Kaniwa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1190","article-title":"HLA Alleles and CYP2C9*3 as predictors of phenytoin hypersensitivity in East Asians","volume":"105","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.10.008","article-title":"HLA B62 as a possible risk factor for drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms to piperacillin\/tazobactam","volume":"5","author":"Rutkowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.01.045","article-title":"HLA-A*32:01 is strongly associated with vancomycin-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms","volume":"144","author":"Konvinse","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08158-8","article-title":"Genetic variations in HLA-B region and hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir","volume":"359","author":"Hetherington","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07873-X","article-title":"Association between presence of HLA-B*5701, HLA-DR7, and HLA-DQ3 and hypersensitivity to HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor abacavir","volume":"359","author":"Mallal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1517\/phgs.5.2.203.27481","article-title":"Association of genetic variations in HLA-B region with hypersensitivity to abacavir in some, but not all, populations","volume":"5","author":"Hughes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-018-1248-x","article-title":"HLA- B*5701 allele in HIV-infected indian children and its association with abacavir hypersensitivity","volume":"55","author":"Manglani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32831d0faf","article-title":"HLA-B*3505 allele is a strong predictor for nevirapine-induced skin adverse drug reactions in HIV-infected Thai patients","volume":"19","author":"Chantarangsu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw545","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of nevirapine hypersensitivity in a sub-Saharan African HIV-infected population","volume":"72","author":"Carr","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834779df","article-title":"Toxicogenomics of nevirapine-associated cutaneous and hepatic adverse events among populations of African, Asian, and European descent","volume":"25","author":"Yuan","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000238408.82947.09","article-title":"HLA-dependent hypersensitivity to nevirapine in Sardinian HIV patients","volume":"20","author":"Littera","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32801199d9","article-title":"HLA-Cw8 primarily associated with hypersensitivity to nevirapine","volume":"21","author":"Gatanaga","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200501030-00014","article-title":"Predisposition to nevirapine hypersensitivity associated with HLA-DRB1*0101 and abrogated by low CD4 T-cell counts","volume":"19","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix096","article-title":"Association of the HLA-B*53:01 allele with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome during treatment of HIV infection with Raltegravir","volume":"64","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213096","article-title":"HLA-B*13:01 and the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome","volume":"369","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2020.1796965","article-title":"The HLA-B*13:01 and the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome in Korean and Asian populations: genotype- and meta-analyses","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0008746","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008746","article-title":"Validation study of HLA-B*13:01 as a biomarker of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome in leprosy patients in Indonesia","volume":"14","author":"Krismawati","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000306","article-title":"Dapsone-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions are strongly linked with HLA-B*13: 01 allele in the Thai population","volume":"27","author":"Tempark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4862","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04862","article-title":"Independent strong association of HLA-A*02:06 and HLA-B*44:03 with cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome with severe mucosal involvement","volume":"4","author":"Ueta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5981","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05981","article-title":"Trans-ethnic study confirmed independent associations of HLA-A*02:06 and HLA-B*44:03 with cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome with severe ocular surface complications","volume":"4","author":"Ueta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313263","article-title":"Association of human antigen class I genes with cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome with severe ocular complications in a Korean population","volume":"103","author":"Jun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.0074","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen class i genes associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and severe ocular complications following use of cold medicine in a Brazilian Population","volume":"135","author":"Wakamatsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311823","article-title":"Association between HLA-B*44:03-HLA-C*07:01 haplotype and cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome with severe ocular complications in Thailand","volume":"102","author":"Jongkhajornpong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.08.007","article-title":"Association between prostaglandin E receptor 3 polymorphisms and Stevens-Johnson syndrome identified by means of a genome-wide association study","volume":"126","author":"Ueta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.12.1916","article-title":"IKZF1, a new susceptibility gene for cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis with severe mucosal involvement","volume":"135","author":"Ueta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e328330a3b8","article-title":"Strong association between HLA-B*5801 and allopurinol-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a Thai population","volume":"19","author":"Tassaneeyakul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.9.11.1617","article-title":"HLA-B locus in Japanese patients with anti-epileptics and allopurinol-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"9","author":"Kaniwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409500102","article-title":"HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol","volume":"102","author":"Hung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32834282b8","article-title":"Positive and negative associations of HLA class I alleles with allopurinol-induced SCARs in Koreans","volume":"21","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.10.54","article-title":"HLA-B*5901 is strongly associated with methazolamide-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2015.25","article-title":"HLA-B*59:01: a marker for Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by methazolamide in Han Chinese","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.05.025","article-title":"Genetic predictors of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by aromatic antiepileptic drugs among the Chinese Han population","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12217","article-title":"HLA-B alleles associated with severe cutaneous reactions to antiepileptic drugs in Han Chinese","volume":"54","author":"Cheung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq537","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies HLA-A*3101 allele as a genetic risk factor for carbamazepine-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions in Japanese population","volume":"20","author":"Ozeki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32218-9","article-title":"Antibiotic allergy","volume":"393","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20172497","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2497","article-title":"Antibiotic allergy in pediatrics","volume":"141","author":"Norton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.9.10.1531","article-title":"Current trends in screening across ethnicities for hypersensitivity to abacavir","volume":"9","author":"Rodriguez-Novoa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706135","article-title":"HLA-B*5701 screening for hypersensitivity to abacavir","volume":"358","author":"Mallal","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2012.012102","article-title":"HLA-B*5701 genetic screening among HIV-1 infected patients in Hong Kong: is this a practical approach in Han-Chinese?","volume":"24","author":"To","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2011.0107","article-title":"HLA-dependent hypersensitivity reaction to nevirapine in Chinese Han HIV-infected patients","volume":"28","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir403","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies variations in 6p21.3 associated with nevirapine-induced rash","volume":"53","author":"Chantarangsu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52619-2","article-title":"Identification of HLA-A*02:06:01 as the primary disease susceptibility HLA allele in cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome with severe ocular complications by high-resolution NGS-based HLA typing","volume":"9","author":"Nakatani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13143","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of HLA-B*5801 screening in severe allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000286","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis and risk factors for allopurinol severe cutaneous adverse reactions","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.683","article-title":"Pharmacogenomic advances in the prediction and prevention of cutaneous idiosyncratic drug reactions","volume":"102","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.08.013","article-title":"Shared and restricted T-cell receptor use is crucial for carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"128","author":"Ko","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.165","article-title":"Oxypurinol-specific T cells possess preferential TCR clonotypes and express granulysin in allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions","volume":"135","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11396-2","article-title":"Identification of drug-specific public TCR driving severe cutaneous adverse reactions","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41397-018-0053-1","article-title":"Economic burden of adverse drug reactions and potential for pharmacogenomic testing in Singaporean adults","volume":"19","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.9.10.1543","article-title":"Carbamazepine, HLA-B*1502 and risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: US FDA recommendations","volume":"9","author":"Ferrell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000287","article-title":"HLA-A*31: 01 and HLA-B*15:02 association with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis to carbamazepine in a multiethnic Malaysian population","volume":"27","author":"Khor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009717","article-title":"Carbamazepine-induced toxic effects and HLA-B*1502 screening in Taiwan","volume":"364","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h4848","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4848","article-title":"Use of HLA-B*58:01 genotyping to prevent allopurinol induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions in Taiwan: national prospective cohort study","volume":"351","author":"Ko","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.5360","article-title":"Evaluation of prospective HLA-B*13:01 screening to prevent dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome in patients with leprosy","volume":"155","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.652091\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T07:01:35Z","timestamp":1626332495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.652091\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2021.652091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.652091","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"article-number":"652091"}}