{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:32:36Z","timestamp":1787776356734,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1649717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1649717"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1900572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1900572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1939739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1939739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1939762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1939762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2028573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2028573"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2028612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2028612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Self-neglect is an inability or refusal to meet one's own basic needs as accepted by societal norms and is the most common report received by state agencies charged with investigating abuse, neglect and exploitation of vulnerable adults. Self-neglect is often seen in addition to one or multiple conditions of frailty, mild to severe dementia, poor sleep and depression. While awareness of elder self-neglect as a public health condition and intervention has significantly risen in the past decade as evidenced by the increasing amount of literature available, research on self-neglect still lacks comprehensiveness and clarity since its inception to the medical literature in the late 1960s. With the burgeoning of the older adult population, commonness of self-neglect will most likely increase as the current incidence rate represents only the \u201ctip of the iceberg\u201d theory given that most cases are unreported. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the incidence of self-neglect in aged populations and the need for the use of intervention tools for aging adults and geriatric patients living alone, many of which may include in-home artificial intelligence systems. Despite this, little research has been conducted on aspects of self-neglect other than definition and identification. Substantial further study of this disorder's etiology, educating society on early detection, and conceivably preventing this syndrome altogether or at least halting progression and abating its severity is needed. The purpose of this research is to provide a definition of severe self-neglect, identify key concepts related to self-neglect, comprehensively describe this syndrome, present a conceptual framework and analyze the model for its usefulness, generalizability, parsimony, and testability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.654627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:27:07Z","timestamp":1621211227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Development of a Conceptual Framework for Severe Self-Neglect (SN) by Modifying the CREST Model for Self-Neglect"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Pickens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick C.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Jefferson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2001.01784x","article-title":"The utility of self-care theory as a theoretical basis for self-neglect","volume":"34","author":"Lauder","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1300\/J084v18n04_03","article-title":"The making of a self-neglect severity scale","volume":"18","author":"Dyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J lder Abuse and Negl"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":">The 2004 Survey of State Adult Protective Services: Abuse of Adults 60 Years of Age and Older2006"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49008x","article-title":"Quantifying the problem of abuse and neglect in adults-analysis of a statewide database","volume":"49","author":"Pavlik","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Geriatri Soc"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.5428","article-title":"The mortality of elder mistreatment","volume":"280","author":"Lachs","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.20091109","article-title":"Elder self-neglect and abuse and mortality risk in a community-dwelling population","volume":"302","author":"Dong","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2012.06008","article-title":"Association between elder self-neglect and hospice utilization in a community population","volume":"56","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"National elder abuse incidence study1998"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2702.1998.00200x","article-title":"Nurses' perceptions of gross self-neglect amongst older people living in the community","volume":"7","author":"Adams","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1300\/J084v12n01","article-title":"Older self-neglecters: interpersonal problems and the maintenance of self-continuity","volume":"12","author":"Bozinovski","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Elder Abuse Negl"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)06250-9","article-title":"Community study of people who live in squalor","volume":"355","author":"Halliday","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2001.01831.x","article-title":"Response to: lauder, the utility of self-care theory as a theoretical basis for self-neglect","volume":"34","author":"Orem","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2850.2003.00568x","article-title":"Risk assessment and management of patients whom self-neglect: a \u2018grey area' for mental health workers","volume":"10","author":"Gunstone","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2005.01.19.18.45c3785","article-title":"Self-neglect: the role of judgments and applied ethics","volume":"19","author":"Lauder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nurs Stand"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-618X.2006.00018x","article-title":"Self-Neglect: a proposed new NANDA diagnosis","volume":"17","author":"Gibbons","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Terminol Classif."},{"key":"B16","first-page":"12","article-title":"Self-Neglect: diogenes syndrome and dementia","volume":"81","author":"Dick","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Kans Nurse"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.121448","article-title":"Vulnerable elders when it is no longer safe to live alone","volume":"298","author":"Dyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B18","volume-title":">Elder Abuse Detection and Intervention-A Collaborative Approach","author":"Brandl","year":"2007"},{"key":"B19","unstructured":"Types of Abuse2016"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/37.4469","article-title":"Risk factors for reported elder abuse and neglect: a nine-year observational cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Lachs","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"B21","unstructured":""},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03913x","article-title":"The high prevalence of depression and dementia in elder abuse or neglect","volume":"48","author":"Dyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006097113","article-title":"Self-Neglect among the elderly: A model based on more than 500 patients seen by a geriatric medicine team","volume":"97","author":"Dyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"B24","volume-title":"Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing","author":"Walker","year":"2011"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnp164","article-title":"Physical function decline and the risk of elder self-neglect in a community-dwelling population","volume":"50","author":"Dong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264311425597","article-title":"The prevalence of elder self-neglect in a community-dwelling population: hoarding, hygiene, and environmental hazards","volume":"24","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1080\/08946566.20161185986","article-title":"Frailty in self-neglecting older adults: a secondary analysis","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Elder Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.51.3359","article-title":"Clinical and ethical implications of impaired executive control functions for patient autonomy","volume":"51","author":"Workman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52104x","article-title":"Declining executive control in normal aging predicts change in functional status: the freedom house study","volume":"52","author":"Royall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53004x","article-title":"Executive control mediates memory's association with change in instrumental activities of daily living: the freedom house study","volume":"53","author":"Royall","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/540266-012-0007-2","article-title":"Medication regimen complexity and low adherence in a sample of community-dwelling older adults with adult protective services-validated self-neglect","volume":"29","author":"Abada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs Aging."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/540266-012-007-2","article-title":"High prevalence of medication non-adherence in a sample of community-dwelling older adults with adult protective service-validated self-neglect","volume":"29","author":"Turner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.14.3409","article-title":"Age effects on executive ability","volume":"14","author":"Wecker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"032","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.55211032","article-title":"Senile breakdown in standards of personal and environmental cleanliness","volume":"2","author":"MacMillan","year":"1966","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-172x.1999.00160x","article-title":"The medical model and other constructions of self-neglect","volume":"5","author":"Lauder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract"},{"key":"B37","volume-title":"The Kohlman Evaluation of Living Skills. 3rd Edn.","author":"Kohlman-Thomson","year":"1992"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2007.00205x","article-title":"The utility of the kohlman evaluation of living skills test is associated with substantiated cases of elder self-neglect","volume":"19","author":"Pickens","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Nurse Pract"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.46.6508","article-title":"The impact of medical illness on executive function","volume":"46","author":"Schillerstrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)91280-5","article-title":"Diogenes syndrome: a clinical study of gross neglect in old age","volume":"15","author":"Clark","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/24.5451","article-title":"Review: diogenes syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Cooney","year":"1995","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb04079x","article-title":"Diogenes syndrome: of omelettes and souffl\u00e9s","volume":"44","author":"Reifler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.2147\/CIAS103359","article-title":"Elder self-neglect: Research and practice","volume":"12","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1080\/01634372.2014884514","article-title":"Analysis of elder abuse statutes across the United States, 2011-2012","volume":"57","author":"Jirik","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol Soc Work"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03156x","article-title":"Decline in cognitive function and risk of elder self-neglect: finding from the Chicago health aging project","volume":"58","author":"Dong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"B46","article-title":"Meeting the challenges of research in elder self-neglect","author":"Pickens","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Consortium for Research in Elder Self-Neglect of Texas National Conference"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00305604","article-title":"Decision-making and informed consent: a study of the impact of disclosed information","volume":"7","author":"Faden","year":"1980","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP0b013e3182006a53","article-title":"Association of personality traits with elder self-neglect in a community-dwelling population","volume":"19","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264312467373","article-title":"Elder self-neglect is associated with increased risk for elder abuse in a community-dwelling population: findings from the chicago health and aging project","volume":"25","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03821x","article-title":"Elder self-neglect and hospitalization: findings from the Chicago health and aging project","volume":"60","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2011.02008","article-title":"Prospective study of the elder self-neglect and ED use in a community population","volume":"30","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr053","article-title":"A prospective population-based study of differences in elder self-neglect and mortality between black and white older adults","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs13140","article-title":"Self-neglect in an elderly community-dwelling U","volume":"62","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1300\/J083v46n03","article-title":"Elder abuse and neglect among veterans in greater Los Angeles","volume":"46","author":"Moon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gerontol Soc Work"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0180222","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone0180222","article-title":"Association between elder abuse and poor sleep: a cross-sectional study among rural older Malaysians","volume":"12","author":"Yunus","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B56","first-page":"560","article-title":"Sleep disturbances and post-traumatic stress disorder in women","volume":"35","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"B57","first-page":"3935","article-title":"Hospital closures and the current healthcare climate: the future of rural hospitals in the USA","volume":"16","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rural Remote Health"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.20171333971","article-title":"Identifying cognitive impairment in hospitalized older adults to prevent readmission: two case studies","volume":"41","author":"Pickens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1995.tb06372x","article-title":"Relationship between physical performance and self-perceived physical function","volume":"43","author":"Cress","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Geriatric Soc"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.3416","article-title":"Depression and self-reported functional status in older primary care patients","volume":"158","author":"Sinclair","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50408x","article-title":"Predictors of functional change: a longitudinal study of nondemented people aged 65 and older","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JNR.0000387490.710624a","article-title":"Functional recovery among elderly one year after hip fracture surgery","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nurs Res"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.101115","article-title":"Performance-based physical function and future dementia in older people","volume":"166","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/01634370802609239","article-title":"Self-neglect and neglect of vulnerable older adults: Reexamination of etiology","volume":"52","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol Soc Work"},{"key":"B65","first-page":"109","article-title":"Features of senile breakdown","volume":"24","author":"MacMillan","year":"1969","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.155.1101","article-title":"Self-neglect and frontal lobe dysfunction","volume":"155","author":"Orrell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/gps1347","article-title":"Is collectionism a diagnostic clue for diogenes syndrome?","volume":"20","author":"Montero-Odasso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s12019-996-0005-6","article-title":"Diogenes syndrome: The self-neglect elderly","volume":"27","author":"Reyes-Ortiz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Compr Ther."},{"key":"B69","unstructured":"4500 Emergency Order for Protective Services2014"},{"key":"B70","first-page":"1932","article-title":"Nursing care study: self-neglect-a challenge for nursing","volume":"78","author":"O'Rawe","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nurs Times"},{"key":"B71","first-page":"10","article-title":"Diogenes syndrome: when self-neglect is nearly life threatening","volume":"13","author":"Badr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/08946566.20181450172","article-title":"Feasibility of intervention in elder self-neglecters: Setting the stage for future research","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Elder Abuse Negl"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01977x","article-title":"Exploring self-neglect in older adults: preliminary findings of the self-neglect severity scale and next steps","volume":"56","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"B74","unstructured":"Self-neglect: development and evaluation of a self-neglect (SN-37) measurement instrument\n            DayMR\n            McCarthyG\n          27455922Arch Psychiatr Nurs.2016"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/08946566.2013801818","article-title":"Observational measure of elder self-neglect","volume":"26","author":"Iris","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Elder Abuse Negl"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1002\/gps4718","article-title":"The Abrams geriatric self-neglect scale: Introduction, validation and psychometric properties","volume":"33","author":"Abrams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.20181499083","article-title":"A new screening tool for self-neglect in community-dwelling older adults: IMSelf-neglect questionnaire","volume":"5","author":"Ilhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Male."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/08946566.2013867241","article-title":"Eliciting change in at-risk elders (ECARE): evaluation of an elder abuse intervention program","volume":"27","author":"Mariam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Elder Abuse Negl"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooaa034","article-title":"Use of machine learning in geriatric clinical care for chronic diseases: a systematic literature review","volume":"3","author":"Choudhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01764-9","article-title":"Are we ready for artificial intelligence health monitoring in elder care?","volume":"20","author":"Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"B81","unstructured":"2019"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.20192897801","article-title":"Demographic effects in facial recognition and their dependence on image acquisition: an evaluation of eleven commercial systems","volume":"1","author":"Cook","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biometr Behav Ident Sci"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.20202974996","article-title":"Issues related to face recognition accuracy varying based on race and skin tone","volume":"6","author":"Krishnapriya","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1126\/scienceaax2342","article-title":"Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations","volume":"366","author":"Obermeyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B85","unstructured":"COVID-19 Hospitalization and Death by Race\/Ethnicity2020"},{"key":"B86","unstructured":"The Color of Coronavirus: COVID-19 Deaths by Race and Ethnicity in the U.S.2021"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20545\/isctj.v06.i09.02","article-title":"Impacting at risk communities using AI to optimize the COVID-19 pandemic therapeutics supply chain","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Supp. Chain Technol J"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-014-1126-z","article-title":"Elder abuse: risk factors and nursing role","volume":"10","author":"Corbi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-019-02038-y","article-title":"Elder abuse: perception and knowledge of the phenomena by healthcare workers from two Italian hospitals","volume":"14","author":"Corbi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1300\/J084v10n03","article-title":"A case series of abused or neglected elders treated by an interdisciplinary geriatric team","volume":"10","author":"Dyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Elder Abuse Negl"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.654627\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:27:18Z","timestamp":1621211238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.654627\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2021.654627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.654627","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"article-number":"654627"}}