{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:37:17Z","timestamp":1790012237054,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Diabetes is the main cause of renal failure worldwide. Complications of the kidney micro-and macro-circulation are common in diabetic patients, leading to proteinuria and can progress to end-stage renal disease. Across the complex interplays aggravating diabetes kidney disease progression, lesions of the glomerular filtration barrier appear crucial. Among its components, glomerular endothelial cells are known to be central safeguards of plasma filtration. An array of evidence has recently pinpointed its intricate relations with podocytes, highly specialized pericytes surrounding glomerular capillaries. During diabetic nephropathy, endothelial cells and podocytes are stressed and damaged. Besides, each can communicate with the other, directly affecting the progression of glomerular injury. Here, we review recent studies showing how\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies help to understand pathological endothelial cells-podocytes crosstalk in diabetic kidney disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.659013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:57:12Z","timestamp":1616547432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Glomerular Endothelial Cell Crosstalk With Podocytes in Diabetic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nassim","family":"Mahtal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Lenoir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Louis","family":"Tharaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.105","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus statistics on prevalence and mortality: facts and fallacies","volume":"12","author":"Zimmet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2337\/figshare.13105469","article-title":"Worldwide epidemiology of diabetes-related end-stage renal disease, 2000-2015","volume":"44","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.16","article-title":"Long-term renal outcomes of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria an analysis of the diabetes control and complications trial\/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications cohort microalbuminuria outcomes in type 1 diabetes","volume":"171","author":"de Boer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0019","article-title":"Podocyte detachment and reduced glomerular capillary endothelial fenestration in human type 1 diabetic nephropathy","volume":"56","author":"Toyoda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573557","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.573557","article-title":"Glomerular endothelial cells as instigators of glomerular sclerotic diseases","volume":"11","author":"Sol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170705124647","article-title":"Glomerular endothelium and its impact on glomerular filtration barrier in diabetes: are the gaps still illusive?","volume":"25","author":"Ndisang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F287","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00533.2014","article-title":"Glomerular endothelial cell injury and cross talk in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"308","author":"Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0795","article-title":"Endothelial-podocyte crosstalk: the missing link between endothelial dysfunction and albuminuria in diabetes","volume":"62","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00076","article-title":"Glomerular endothelial cell stress and cross-talk with podocytes in early [corrected] diabetic kidney disease","volume":"5","author":"Daehn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30772-X","article-title":"Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"393","author":"Heerspink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"149","article-title":"Gene expression for endothelins and their receptors in glomeruli of diabetic rats","volume":"122","author":"Fukui","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00315.x","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus increases endothelin-1 gene transcription in rat kidney","volume":"58","author":"Hargrove","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"114","article-title":"Plasma endothelin-1 levels and albumin excretion rate in normotensive, microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"16","author":"Bruno","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2011.647301","article-title":"Endothelin-1 and endothelin a receptor immunoreactivity is increased in patients with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"34","author":"Zanatta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ren Fail."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200307000-00008","article-title":"Chronic endothelin receptor blockade prevents both early hyperfiltration and late overt diabetic nephropathy in the rat","volume":"42","author":"Ding","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200312000-00009","article-title":"Nephroprotective effect of bosentan in diabetic rats","volume":"42","author":"Cosenzi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-2021-4","article-title":"Endothelin receptor a-specific stimulation of glomerular inflammation and injury in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Saleh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013020195","article-title":"Direct action of endothelin-1 on podocytes promotes diabetic glomerulosclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Lenoir","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71195","article-title":"Endothelial mitochondrial oxidative stress determines podocyte depletion in segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"124","author":"Daehn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0695","article-title":"Glomerular endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction is essential and characteristic of diabetic kidney disease susceptibility","volume":"66","author":"Qi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-00605-x","article-title":"The diabetic microenvironment causes mitochondrial oxidative stress in glomerular endothelial cells and pathological crosstalk with podocytes","volume":"18","author":"Casalena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal CCS."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13315","article-title":"Baseline characteristics and enrichment results from the SONAR trial","volume":"20","author":"Heerspink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.67","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency attenuates diabetic nephropathy by modulation of podocyte functions and dedifferentiation","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B24","first-page":"444","article-title":"Serum matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and metalloproteinase tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"20","author":"Rysz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nephrol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6067","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6067","article-title":"Association of urinary activity of MMP-9 with renal impairment in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Garc\u00eda-Tejeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvg214","article-title":"Increased hyaluronidase activity in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"134","author":"Ikegami-Kawai","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biochem."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34521-1_26","article-title":"Heparanase in kidney disease","volume":"1221","author":"van der Vlag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1910-x","article-title":"Effect of sulodexide on endothelial glycocalyx and vascular permeability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"53","author":"Broekhuizen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.02.06.db05-1103","article-title":"Loss of endothelial glycocalyx during acute hyperglycemia coincides with endothelial dysfunction and coagulation activation in vivo","volume":"55","author":"Nieuwdorp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4686","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-252221","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase 9-mediated shedding of syndecan 4 in response to tumor necrosis factor \u03b1: a contributor to endothelial cell glycocalyx dysfunction","volume":"28","author":"Ramnath","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.09.035","article-title":"Blocking matrix metalloproteinase-mediated syndecan-4 shedding restores the endothelial glycocalyx and glomerular filtration barrier function in early diabetic kidney disease","volume":"97","author":"Ramnath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.7.2172","article-title":"Heparanase-1 gene expression and regulation by high glucose in renal epithelial cells: a potential role in the pathogenesis of proteinuria in diabetic patients","volume":"54","author":"Maxhimer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001985","article-title":"Increased expression of heparanase in overt diabetic nephropathy","volume":"70","author":"van den Hoven","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0879-6","article-title":"Heparanase induces a differential loss of heparan sulphate domains in overt diabetic nephropathy","volume":"51","author":"Wijnhoven","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1024","article-title":"Heparanase is essential for the development of diabetic nephropathy in mice","volume":"61","author":"Gil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.134","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy: Heparanase mediates renal injury","volume":"10","author":"Sidaway","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00399958","article-title":"Size- and charge selectivity of glomerular filtration in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with and without albuminuria","volume":"36","author":"Deckert","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-1619","article-title":"Endothelial glycocalyx damage coincides with microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes","volume":"55","author":"Nieuwdorp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V11112095","article-title":"Glomerular permselectivity at the onset of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Lemley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015091070","article-title":"Endothelin-1 Induces Proteinuria by Heparanase-Mediated Disruption of the Glomerular Glycocalyx","volume":"27","author":"Garsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.05.007","article-title":"Endothelin receptor-A mediates degradation of the glomerular endothelial surface layer via pathologic crosstalk between activated podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells","volume":"96","author":"Ebefors","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1413","article-title":"Atrasentan reduces albuminuria by restoring the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx barrier in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"65","author":"Boels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-007-0526-z","article-title":"Functional symbiosis between endothelium and epithelial cells in glomeruli","volume":"331","author":"Hirschberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1993.147","article-title":"Number and dimensions of rat glomerular capillaries in normal development and after nephrectomy","volume":"43","author":"Nyengaard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00399948","article-title":"The impact of experimental diabetes mellitus in rats on glomerular capillary number and sizes","volume":"36","author":"Nyengaard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-008-0081-3","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor and diabetic nephropathy","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2174\/138945011793591581","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy of type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Mironidou-Tzouveleki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0260-2","article-title":"Targeting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in kidney disease","volume":"16","author":"Tanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.020","article-title":"VEGF and the diabetic kidney: More than too much of a good thing","volume":"31","author":"Majumder","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Compl."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2012.06.010","article-title":"VEGF and podocytes in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"32","author":"Tufro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.303215","article-title":"Canonical and non-canonical vascular endothelial growth factor pathways: new developments in biology and signal transduction","volume":"35","author":"Domigan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-0045","article-title":"VEGFC reduces glomerular albumin permeability and protects against alterations in VEGF receptor expression in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"68","author":"Onions","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1159\/000369942","article-title":"VEGF-A inhibition ameliorates podocyte apoptosis via repression of activating protein 1 in diabetes","volume":"40","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014040350","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor-A165b is protective and restores endothelial glycocalyx in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"26","author":"Oltean","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3979","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.037267","article-title":"Semaphorin3a regulates endothelial cell number and podocyte differentiation during glomerular development","volume":"136","author":"Reidy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Camb Engl."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19468","article-title":"Association of plasma semaphorin 3A with phenotypes of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy","volume":"57","author":"Kwon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-014-1209-3","article-title":"Urinary semaphorin 3A correlates with diabetic proteinuria and mediates diabetic nephropathy and associated inflammation in mice","volume":"92","author":"Mohamed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Med Berl Ger."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.603","article-title":"Advanced glycation end-products suppress neuropilin-1 expression in podocytes","volume":"75","author":"Bondeva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0719","article-title":"Semaphorin3a promotes advanced diabetic nephropathy","volume":"64","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S100","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.06720.x","article-title":"Shear stress and the endothelium","volume":"67","author":"Ballermann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2012.05.020","article-title":"Chronic exposure to laminar shear stress induces Kruppel-like factor 2 in glomerular endothelial cells and modulates interactions with co-cultured podocytes","volume":"44","author":"Slater","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.286","article-title":"Reduced Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 2 expression may aggravate the endothelial injury of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"87","author":"Zhong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1667","article-title":"Activated protein C protects against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting endothelial and podocyte apoptosis","volume":"13","author":"Isermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011121170","article-title":"eNOS deficiency predisposes podocytes to injury in diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Yuen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000033277.32822.23","article-title":"Glomerular endothelial fenestrae in vivo are not formed from caveolae","volume":"13","author":"S\u00f6rensson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F885","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1995.268.5.F885","article-title":"Topography of nitric oxide synthesis by localizing constitutive NO synthases in mammalian kidney","volume":"268","author":"Bachmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010111146","article-title":"Activation of RhoA in podocytes induces focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F689","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00502.2015","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b21 and diabetic nephropathy","volume":"310","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.krcp.2013.01.003","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta and the glomerular filtration barrier","volume":"32","author":"Ghayur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Res Clin Pract."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.03.036","article-title":"Podocyte and endothelial-specific elimination of BAMBI identifies differential transforming growth factor-\u03b2 pathways contributing to diabetic glomerulopathy","volume":"98","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1049799","article-title":"Endothelial cell and podocyte autophagy synergistically protect from diabetes-induced glomerulosclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Lenoir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09907-6","article-title":"Exosomes from high glucose-treated glomerular endothelial cells trigger the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and dysfunction of podocytes","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2017-000456","article-title":"Wnt signaling and podocyte dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"65","author":"Bose","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Investig Med Off Publ Am Fed Clin Res."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2015.88","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signalling and podocyte dysfunction in proteinuric kidney disease","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.255","article-title":"Canonical Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling mediates transforming growth factor-\u03b21-driven podocyte injury and proteinuria","volume":"80","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.10.032","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin links oxidative stress to podocyte injury and proteinuria","volume":"95","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25026","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2009606117","article-title":"Circulating testican-2 is a podocyte-derived marker of kidney health","volume":"117","author":"Ngo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0730012.x","article-title":"Molecular cloning of testican-2: defining a novel calcium-binding proteoglycan family expressed in brain","volume":"73","author":"Vannahme","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4960","article-title":"A 3D tri-culture system reveals that activin receptor-like kinase 5 and connective tissue growth factor drive human glomerulosclerosis","volume":"243","author":"Waters","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pathol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V132544","article-title":"Human podocytes express angiopoietin 1, a potential regulator of glomerular vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"13","author":"Satchell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5322.55","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis","volume":"277","author":"Maisonpierre","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.150482","article-title":"VEGF induces Tie2 shedding via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/Akt dependent pathway to modulate Tie2 signaling","volume":"27","author":"Findley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12182","article-title":"Microvascular damage in type 1 diabetic patients is reversed in the first year after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation","volume":"13","author":"Khairoun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant Off J Am Soc Transplant Am Soc Transpl Surg."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1159\/000488826","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2, renal deterioration, major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"43","author":"Tsai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.12.2918","article-title":"Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2 in diabetes: implications for cardiovascular risk and effects of multifactorial intervention","volume":"27","author":"Lim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.7.1831","article-title":"Tumstatin peptide, an inhibitor of angiogenesis, prevents glomerular hypertrophy in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"53","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200501000-00026","article-title":"Temporal renal expression of angiogenic growth factors and their receptors in experimental diabetes: role of the renin-angiotensin system","volume":"23","author":"Rizkalla","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2004.11.004","article-title":"Angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 in diabetes mellitus: relationship to VEGF, glycaemic control, endothelial damage\/dysfunction and atherosclerosis","volume":"180","author":"Lim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI46322","article-title":"Angiopoietin-1 is essential in mouse vasculature during development and in response to injury","volume":"121","author":"Jeansson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012121218","article-title":"Targeted glomerular angiopoietin-1 therapy for early diabetic kidney disease","volume":"25","author":"Dessapt-Baradez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3995-3","article-title":"Angiopoietins and diabetic nephropathy","volume":"59","author":"Gnudi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13568","article-title":"Angiopoietin-Tie signaling in kidney diseases: an updated review","volume":"593","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010080860","article-title":"WT1-dependent sulfatase expression maintains the normal glomerular filtration barrier","volume":"22","author":"Schumacher","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F395","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00445.2015","article-title":"Heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatases, Sulf1 and Sulf2, regulate glomerular integrity by modulating growth factor signaling","volume":"310","author":"Takashima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg242","article-title":"The emerging role of VEGF in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"18","author":"Khamaisi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant Off Publ Eur Dial Transpl Assoc - Eur Ren Assoc."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e3283451901","article-title":"Mouse models of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"20","author":"Alpers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1039\/C7LC00134G","article-title":"A disease model of diabetic nephropathy in a glomerulus-on-a-chip microdevice","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Chip."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31771","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31771","article-title":"Development of a functional glomerulus at the organ level on a chip to mimic hypertensive nephropathy","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101875","article-title":"Endothelial cells secreted endothelin-1 augments diabetic nephropathy via inducing extracellular matrix accumulation of mesangial cells in ETBR-\/- mice","volume":"11","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016090960","article-title":"Endothelial Epas1 deficiency is sufficient to promote parietal epithelial cell activation and FSGS in experimental hypertension","volume":"28","author":"Luque","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12763","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12763","article-title":"Crosstalk between tubular epithelial cells and glomerular endothelial cells in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2016.00043","article-title":"Glycemic control with ipragliflozin, a novel selective SGLT2 inhibitor, ameliorated endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse","volume":"3","author":"Salim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S116243","article-title":"Changes in HbA1c, body weight, and systolic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes patients initiating dapagliflozin therapy: a primary care database study","volume":"9","author":"Scheerer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0510-1","article-title":"A randomised study of the impact of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on microvascular and macrovascular circulation","volume":"16","author":"Ott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0621-8","article-title":"Dapagliflozin acutely improves endothelial dysfunction, reduces aortic stiffness and renal resistive index in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Solini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0564-0","article-title":"Effectiveness of dapagliflozin on vascular endothelial function and glycemic control in patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus: DEFENCE study","volume":"16","author":"Shigiyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0493-3","article-title":"A randomised, active- and placebo-controlled, three-period crossover trial to investigate short-term effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin on macro- and microvascular endothelial function in type 2 diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Jax","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.659013\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T22:44:45Z","timestamp":1619736285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.659013\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2021.659013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.659013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"article-number":"659013"}}