{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T08:21:55Z","timestamp":1774599715584,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010842","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20201A010045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20201A010045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010842","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20201A011062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20201A011062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010256","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201804010093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201804010093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009330","name":"Medical Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A2021372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2021372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015806","name":"Project for Key Medicine Discipline Construction of Guangzhou Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2021-2023-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2021-2023-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015806","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Scrub typhus was epidemic in the western Pacific Ocean area and East Asia, scrub typhus epidemic in densely populated areas in southern China. To better understand the association between meteorological variables, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and scrub typhus incidence in Guangzhou was benefit to the control and prevention.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methodology\/Principal Findings:<\/jats:bold> We collected weekly data for scrub typhus cases and meteorological variables in Guangzhou, and Southern Oscillation Index from 2006 to 2018, and used the distributed lag non-linear models to evaluate the relationships between meteorological variables, SOI and scrub typhus. The median value of each variable was set as the reference. The high-risk occupations were farmer (51.10%), house worker (17.51%), and retiree (6.29%). The non-linear relationships were observed with different lag weeks. For example, when the mean temperature was 27.7\u00b0C with1-week lag, the relative risk (RR) was highest as 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01\u20131.17). The risk was the highest when the relative humidity was 92.0% with 9-week lag, with the RR of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02\u20131.19). For aggregate rainfall, the highest RR was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03\u20131.11), when it was 83.0 mm with 4-week lag. When the SOI was 19 with 11-week lag, the highest RR was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01\u20131.12). Most of the extreme effects of SOI and meteorological factors on scrub typical cases were statistically significant.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\/Significance:<\/jats:bold> The high-risk occupations of scrub typhus in Guangzhou were farmer, house worker, and retiree. Meteorological factors and SOI played an important role in scrub typhus occurrence in Guangzhou. Non-linear relationships were observed in almost all the variables in our study. Approximately, mean temperature, and relative humidity positively correlated to the incidence of scrub typhus, on the contrary to atmospheric pressure and weekly temperature range (WTR). Aggregate rainfall and wind velocity showed an inverse-U curve, whereas the SOI appeared the bimodal distribution. These findings can be helpful to facilitate the development of the early warning system to prevent the scrub typhus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.667549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T11:12:17Z","timestamp":1627470737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Impact of Meteorological Factors and Southern Oscillation Index on Scrub Typhus Incidence in Guangzhou, Southern China, 2006\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jianyun","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meixia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhicong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.1086\/596576","article-title":"Scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi","volume":"48","author":"Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003814","article-title":"Urbanization of scrub typhus disease in South Korea","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005838","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005838","article-title":"Estimating the burden of scrub typhus: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Bonell","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0663","article-title":"Rapid increase in scrub typhus incidence in mainland China, 2006-2014","volume":"94","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hygiene."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2153-3","article-title":"Rapid increase of scrub typhus incidence in Guangzhou, southern China, 2006-2014","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00383","article-title":"Representative genotyping, recombination and evolutionary dynamics analysis of TSA56 gene segment of Orientia tsutsugamushi","volume":"10","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3271-x","article-title":"Scrub typhus in Jiangsu Province, China: epidemiologic features and spatial risk analysis","volume":"18","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.04.006","article-title":"Ecological niche modeling for predicting the potential risk areas of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1608499","article-title":"Scrub typhus - 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