{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T22:57:07Z","timestamp":1783551427679,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold> To compare the arithmetic mean of surgically induced astigmatism (M-SIA) and the centroid of surgically induced astigmatism (C-SIA) after standard cataract surgery.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We retrospectively examined 200 eyes of 100 consecutive patients undergoing bilateral cataract surgery through a 2.8 mm temporal clear corneal incision. We quantitatively measured the magnitude and axis of corneal astigmatism preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively using an automated keratometer (TONOREFF-II, Nidek). We assessed the M-SIA, the C-SIA, and the double angle plots for the display of the individual SIA distributions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> For bilateral data analysis, the magnitude of corneal astigmatism significantly increased from 0.66 \u00b1 0.39 D preoperatively to 0.74 \u00b1 0.46 D postoperatively (paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.012). The M-SIA was 0.50 \u00b1 0.36 D. On the other hand, the C-SIA was 0.18 \u00b1 0.60 D at an axis of 97\u00b0. For unilateral analysis, we obtained similar outcomes between the right and left eye groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> According to our experience, standard cataract surgery induces the M-SIA by approximately 0.5 D. The magnitude of the C-SIA largely decreased to approximately 40% of the M-SIA, and the direction of the C-SIA showed a tendency toward with-the-rule astigmatism. It should be noted that the M-SIA was considerably different from the C-SIA, especially when selecting the appropriate toric IOL model and power.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.670337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T05:48:59Z","timestamp":1622785739000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparison of Mean and Centroid of Surgically Induced Astigmatism After Standard Cataract Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Iijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wakako","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)80232-5","article-title":"Toric intraocular lenses: correcting astigmatism while controlling axis shift","volume":"20","author":"Shimizu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.07.033","article-title":"The AcrySof toric intraocular lens in subjects with cataracts and corneal astigmatism: a randomized, subject-masked, parallel-group, 1-year study","volume":"117","author":"Holland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.01.044","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcomes of toric intraocular lens implantation in cataract cases with preexisting astigmatism","volume":"40","author":"Miyake","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181d9284b","article-title":"Time course of corneal biomechanical parameters after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation","volume":"29","author":"Kamiya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cornea."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(98)80075-8","article-title":"Evaluating and reporting astigmatism for individual and aggregate data","volume":"24","author":"Holladay","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2018.07.027","article-title":"Editorial. 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